Cross-cultural comparison of personality in Danish and English children

536 Danish boys and 575 Danish girls between the ages of 7 and 15 years filled out a translation of the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnarie (JEPQ). The data were analyzed in terms of 4 scales which measure Psychoticism (P), Extraversion (E), Neuroticism (N), and Lying (L). Factor comparison indicated very good agreement between the scales of the Danish and English versions of the JEPQ. Reliabilities of the Danish L and N scales were satisfactory, while those for the P and E scales were lower but acceptable. Danish boys scored higher than Danish girls on P and E scales, but lower on N and L scales, in accordance with the usual sex difference seen in the JEPQ. A cross-cultural comparison of scores obtained by children in Denmark and in England showed that Danish boys scored significantly lower than British boys on N and L scales, while Danish girls scored lower than British girls on all scales, although the difference on the L scale was not statistically significant. The notion that L scale scores are related inversely to the degree of permissiveness of society is considered on the basis of findings obtained in the present and previous studies carried out using the JEPQ in Denmark, England, Hungary and Yugoslavia.     

A method for analysing performance in the rod-and-frame test. II Test of the Statistical Model

Abstract.— A new method of scoring the Rod-and-Frame Test (RFT) has been proposed (Nyborg, 1974). The statistical model behind the new method is introduced and tested in the present work.     

A method for analysing performance in the rod-and-frame test

Abstract.— Scoring only the unsigned (absolute) errors in the Rod-and-Frame Test (RFT) is questioned because the method confounds a number of variables. Another way of scoring the RFT is proposed which differentiates between (1) the subject's constant error, (2) the effect of the tilted frame, and (3) the rod starting position effect. The method also allows estimation of the response consistency of the subject. What is more, the values for each subject of the constant error, of the frame tilt effect, and of the rod starting position effect may be tested for significance on the basis of the degree of response consistency observed for that particular subject, thus making the new method more person-oriented than the unsigned error method.     

Light intensity in the rod-and-frame test reconsidered

Abstract.— Previously collected data (Nyborg, 1972) on the perception of the vertical in the Rod-and-Frame Test (RFT) were reanalysed according to the method of signed errors presented by Nyborg (1974). Regression analysis showed no systematic relationship between light intensity and frame dependence and that the effect of light intensity on the perception of vertical in the RFT in general is negligible, thus confirming the conclusions drawn originally.