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1.
Fos protein expression in olfactory-related brain areas after learning and after reactivation of a slowly acquired olfactory discrimination task in the rat
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Roullet F Liénard F Datiche F Cattarelli M 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2005,12(3):307-317
Fos protein immunodetection was used to investigate the neuronal activation elicited in some olfactory-related areas after either learning of an olfactory discrimination task or its reactivation 10 d later. Trained rats (T) progressively acquired the association between one odor of a pair and water-reward in a four-arm maze. Two groups of pseudotrained rats were used: PO rats were not water restricted and were submitted to the olfactory stimuli in the maze without any reinforcement, whereas PW rats were water-deprived and systematically received water in the maze without any odorous stimulation. When the discrimination task was well mastered, a significantly lower Fos immunoreactivity was observed in T rats compared to PW and PO rats in most of the analyzed brain areas, which could reflect the post-acquisition consolidation process. Following memory reactivation, differences in Fos immunoreactivity between trained and some pseudotrained rats were found in the anterior part of piriform cortex, CA3, and orbitofrontal cortex. We also observed that Fos labeling was significantly higher in trained rats after memory reactivation than after acquisition of the olfactory task in most of the brain areas examined. Our results support the assumption of a differential involvement of neuronal networks after either learning or reactivation of an olfactory discrimination task. 相似文献
2.
Clémence Verhaegen Fabienne Collette Steve Majerus 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2014,21(4):464-482
The aim of this study is to assess the impact of hearing status on age-related decrease in verbal short-term memory (STM) performance. This was done by administering a battery of verbal STM tasks to elderly and young adult participants matched for hearing thresholds, as well as to young normal-hearing control participants. The matching procedure allowed us to assess the importance of hearing loss as an explanatory factor of age-related STM decline. We observed that elderly participants and hearing-matched young participants showed equal levels of performance in all verbal STM tasks, and performed overall lower than the normal-hearing young control participants. This study provides evidence for recent theoretical accounts considering reduced hearing level as an important explanatory factor of poor auditory-verbal STM performance in older adults. 相似文献
3.
Fabienne Peter 《Synthese》2013,190(7):1253-1266
Collective deliberation is fuelled by disagreements and its epistemic value depends, inter alia, on how the participants respond to each other in disagreements. I use this accountability thesis to argue that deliberation may be valued not just instrumentally but also for its procedural features. The instrumental epistemic value of deliberation depends on whether it leads to more or less accurate beliefs among the participants. The procedural epistemic value of deliberation hinges on the relationships of mutual accountability that characterize appropriately conducted deliberation. I will argue that it only comes into view from the second-person standpoint. I shall explain what the second-person standpoint in the epistemic context entails and how it compares to Stephen Darwall’s interpretation of the second-person standpoint in ethics. 相似文献
4.
Fabienne Colombel 《International journal of psychology》2000,35(6):279-286
This study examines the processing of emotionally positive words in memory. The processing level of the stimuli during encoding (low‐level or deep‐level processing) and the retrieval type (free recall or recognition) were varied. An effect of the valence was observed in the “low‐level processing—free recall” condition. Subjects recall more positive words than neutral ones when few retrieval cues are available. This result is confirmed by a qualitative analysis which shows an organized recall according to the emotional valence only for the “low level” condition. The results and the implications of this research are discussed in relation to Bower's theory (1981, 1987). 相似文献
5.
Hogge M Adam S Collette F 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2008,15(4):471-491
The directed forgetting effect obtained with the item method is supposed to depend on both selective rehearsal of to-be-remembered (TBR) items and attentional inhibition of to-be-forgotten (TBF) items. In this study, we investigated the locus of the directed forgetting deficit in older adults by exploring the influence of recollection and familiarity-based retrieval processes on age-related differences in directed forgetting. Moreover, we explored the influence of processing speed, short-term memory capacity, thought suppression tendencies, and sensitivity to proactive interference on performance. The results indicated that older adults' directed forgetting difficulties are due to decreased recollection of TBR items, associated with increased automatic retrieval of TBF items. Moreover, processing speed and proactive interference appeared to be responsible for the decreased recall of TBR items. 相似文献
6.
The concept of syllabic neighbours (words sharing the same first syllable) is central in the interpretive framework of syllabic
effects in visual word recognition. However, the definition of this concept remains surprisingly vague, so it is not clear
whether or not syllabic competition is driven by words of similar syllabic length. The present study aimed to refine the definition
by investigating the effect of higher-frequency syllabic neighbourhood as a function of syllabic neighbour length (similar
syllabic length to the target words vs. any syllabic length). In both standard and go/no-go lexical decision tasks, the data
showed that increasing the number of higher-frequency syllabic neighbours had an influence only when this number was computed
from words of the same syllabic length as the target. Syllabic neighbours may therefore be considered as words sharing the
first syllable and the total number of syllables with the target. Implications for accounts of syllable neighbourhood effects
are discussed. 相似文献
7.
Fabienne Peter 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2007,10(4):373-387
Political egalitarianism is at the core of most normative conceptions of democratic legitimacy. It finds its minimal expression
in the “one person one vote” formula. In the literature on deliberative democracy, political equality is typically interpreted
in a more demanding sense, but different interpretations of what political equality requires can be identified. In this paper
I shall argue that the attempt to specify political equality in deliberative democracy is affected by a dilemma. I shall illustrate
the political egalitarian’s dilemma by a hypothetical choice between two informational bases for political equality: Rawlsian
primary goods and Amartya Sen’s capability approach. The political egalitarian’s dilemma reveals a clash between the requirement
of ensuring equal possibilities to participate in the democratic process and the requirement of subjecting substantive judgments
to deliberative evaluation. As such, the dilemma is a variant of the procedure vs. substance dilemma that is well-known in
democratic theory. While it has sometimes been argued that deliberative democracy solves the tension between procedure and
substance, the political egalitarian’s dilemma shows that this tension continues within deliberative democracy.
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Fabienne PeterEmail: |
8.
Lalot Mathilde Delfour Fabienne Mercera Birgitta Bovet Dalila 《Animal cognition》2021,24(5):1075-1086
Animal Cognition - Some moral behaviours, often regarded as reflecting high cognitive abilities (such as empathy, cooperation, targeted helping) are known to only be present in very few species,... 相似文献
9.
In γ-TiAl deformed at room temperature in single slip, prismatic loops ar often organized in a staircase-like configuration, called strings whose generation by cross-slip is facilitated by the dislocation tendency to form screw locks as described recently by Grégori and Veyssière. The present letter is aimed at showing that strings may be encountered in virtually any crystal provided that the two impinging dislocations exhibit significantly different velocities. The crossslip annihilation mechanism of crossed dislocations considered by Tetelman is revisited and shown to evolve into a configuration significantly distinct from that originally predicted. 相似文献
10.
Lisa Chaba Fabienne D’Arripe-Longueville Stéphanie Scoffier-Mériaux Vanessa Lentillon-Kaestner 《Deviant behavior》2013,34(6):655-671
ABSTRACTThis study investigated eating and deviant behaviors in bodybuilders according to their competitive engagement. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 bodybuilders of different skill levels. Results revealed that dietary strategies and deviations (e.g., disordered eating, doping use, addictive training) developed with competitive commitment. Bodybuilders who intend to engage in competition are in a critical period for the development of deviant behaviors, in relation with increasing drive for muscularity and performance, and coaching pressure. These findings extend the existing literature on deviant behaviors in bodybuilding by providing better insight in the dynamics of development of disordered eating and associated behaviors. 相似文献