排序方式: 共有93条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Animal Cognition - The capacity to follow human cues provides animals with information about the environment and can hence offer obvious adaptive benefits. Most studies carried out so far, however,... 相似文献
2.
Schmitt DP Alcalay L Allik J Angleitner A Ault L Austers I Bennett KL Bianchi G Boholst F Borg Cunen MA Braeckman J Brainerd EG Caral LG Caron G Casullo MM Cunningham M Daibo I De Backer C De Souza E Diaz-Loving R Diniz G Durkin K Echegaray M Eremsoy E Euler HA Falzon R Fisher ML Foley D Fry DP Fry S Ghayur MA Golden DL Grammer K Grimaldi L Halberstadt J Haque S Herrera D Hertel J Hoffmann H Hooper D Hradilekova Z Hudek-Kene-evi J Jaafar J Jankauskaite M Kabangu-Stahel H Kardum I Khoury B 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2004,86(4):560-584
3.
Toshio Yamagishi Nobuhiro Mifune Yang Li Mizuho Shinada Hirofumi Hashimoto Yutaka Horita Arisa Miura Keigo Inukai Shigehito Tanida Toko Kiyonari Haruto Takagishi Dora Simunovic 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2013,120(2):260-271
We observed the behaviors of the same people across five games – two prisoner’s dilemma games, a trust game (in which the subject took on the role of both truster and trustee), a dictator game, and a faith game – any pair of which was separated by an interval of several months to reduce potential carry-over effects, and found strong consistency in behaviors among these games. We also found consistency between the expectations of other players’ behaviors and the player’s own behavior across games. We further found that the consistent behavioral pro-sociality observed across different games was related to the general measures of pro-social value orientation and perceiving the game situations. These findings suggest that individual and cultural differences in game behaviors can reflect both the ways in which people perceive game situations and their general social preferences. 相似文献
4.
5.
Rodolpho Azzi Dora S. R. Fix Fred S. Keller Maria Ignez Rocha E Silva 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1964,7(2):159-162
Three white rats, after 50 continuous reinforcements, were exposed successively, under dim illumination, to reinforcement delays of 1, 3, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, and 20 sec, with prolonged training at the 20-sec level. Behavior was maintained at each level, and an increase in interval was accompanied by an increase in post-reinforcement pause. Subsequently, under both 20- and 30-sec delays, the animals were tested during half of each daily session to determine the effect of introducing darkness during each delay interval. The result of this stimulus “support” was to regularize and increase response rate for each animal at both interval values. 相似文献
6.
Ines Testoni Emilio Paolo Visintin Dora Capozza Maria Concetta Carlucci Malihe Shams 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2016,55(1):174-184
Research has widely demonstrated that religiosity is related to psychological well‐being even in situations of severe illness. To assess religious beliefs, explicit measures have generally been used. In this study, we measured the belief that God is reality as opposed to myth or abstraction by using an implicit technique (the Single Category Implicit Association Test). The study was carried out in Italy, where a large majority of the population is Catholic, and the prevailing image of God is that of a compassionate and supportive father. Participants were cancer patients identifying themselves as believers. As expected, the automatic belief that God is reality (vs. abstraction) was related to beneficial outcomes: lower reported psychophysical anxiety symptoms and a weaker use of avoidance strategies to cope with stress. Thus, also, automatic religious beliefs may affect feelings and behaviors. 相似文献
7.
Response inhibition is frequently investigated using the stop-signal paradigm, where participants perform a two-choice response time task that is occasionally interrupted by a stop signal instructing them to withhold their response. Stop-signal performance is formalized as a race between a go and a stop process. If the go process wins, the response is executed; if the stop process wins, the response is inhibited. Successful inhibition requires fast stop responses and a high probability of triggering the stop process. Existing methods allow for the estimation of the latency of the stop response, but are unable to identify deficiencies in triggering the stop process. We introduce a Bayesian model that addresses this limitation and enables researchers to simultaneously estimate the probability of trigger failures and the entire distribution of stopping latencies. We demonstrate that trigger failures are clearly present in two previous studies, and that ignoring them distorts estimates of stopping latencies. The parameter estimation routine is implemented in the BEESTS software (Matzke et al., Front. Quantitative Psych. Measurement, 4, 918; 2013a) and is available at http://dora.erbe-matzke.com/software.html. 相似文献
8.
Revista Calibán: Latin American Journal of Psychoanalysis review by Dora Tognolli Calibán ‐ Revista Latino‐ Americana de Psicanálise,Publicação oficial da Fepal ‐ Federação Psicanalítica da América Latina,Montevideo, Uruguay, 2012; 240 pp; $15,00
下载免费PDF全文
Dora Tognolli 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2017,98(6):1823-1826
9.
Social animals have much to gain from observing and responding appropriately to the actions of their conspecific group members.
This can in turn lead to the learning of novel behavior patterns (social learning) or to foraging, ranging, or social behavioral
choices copied from fellow group members, which do not necessarily result in long-term learning, but at the time represent
adaptive responses to environmental cues (public information use). In the current study, we developed a novel system for the
study of public information use under fully automated conditions. We modified a classic single-subject laboratory paradigm—matching-to-sample
(MTS)—and examined chimpanzees’ ability to interpret and utilize cues provided by the behavior of a conspecific to solve the
task. In Experiment 1, two subjects took turns on an identity MTS task, with one subject (the model) performing the first
half of the trial and the other subject (the observer) completing the trial using the model’s actions as discriminative cues.
Both subjects performed above chance from the first session onwards. In Experiment 2, the subjects were tested on a symbolic
version of the same MTS task, with one subject showing spontaneous transfer. Our study establishes a novel method for examining
public information use within a highly controlled and automated setting. 相似文献
10.
Although employee trust in leaders has garnered substantial empirical research, trust between coworkers has been virtually ignored. Extending the work of D. L. Ferrin, K. T. Dirks, and P. P. Shah (2006), the authors examined the role of group leaders, an influential third party in the workplace, on coworker trust formation. The correlates of the extent to which coworkers trust one another were examined in an investigation of 146 members of 32 work groups representing 4 diverse organizations. In this study, which utilized full network data, coworker trust was operationalized as in-degree centrality in the trust network. Controlling for relational demography and coworker helping behaviors, the authors found, as hypothesized, that coworkers tended to place more trust in fellow coworkers who were also trusted by the teams' formal leaders than in coworkers who were less trusted by leaders. In addition, consistent with the social information processing theory, support was found for the hypothesis that the relationship between leaders' trust and coworker trust is stronger when group performance is poor. 相似文献