经验、材料性质及加工水平对虚假记忆的影响

本实验采用DRM研究范式,考察经验、材料性质和加工水平三个方面对虚假记忆的影响。实验首次采用句子的方式呈现,给被试提供符合经验和不符合经验的句子进行学习和再认。实验结果显示,三个因素对虚假记忆的影响都是显著的,其中,经验是导致虚假记忆产生的主导因素,加工深度同经验之间以及材料性质同经验之间的交互作用均存在显著的交互作用。     

Microblogging, online expression, and political efficacy among young chinese citizens: the moderating role of information and entertainment needs in the use of weibo

In 2011, China's Internet population reached over half a billion users and the popular Twitter-like social networking service, Weibo, has been adopted by half of the users since its launch in August 2009. Given the potential of the Internet to facilitate a civic culture in the authoritarian state, the use of Weibo and its effects on citizens' political attitudes and behaviors are of important concern. A survey of 499 Weibo users found that intensity of use was related to increased willingness to express opinions about government and politics, the perception that one has the ability to participate in politics, and feelings that the government is not responsive to the demands of citizens. Moreover, the above relationships were moderated by the motivations of Weibo use, such that information motives strengthened the relationships while entertainment motives weakened the relationships.     

Do Teachers maintain their Expectation Bias for students? A longitudinal investigation

Whether teachers maintain their expectation bias for students over time is crucial for understanding self-fulfilling prophecy effects. However, the stability of teacher expectation bias has been largely ignored in the literature. We examined the stability of teacher expectation bias across a sample of teachers and the change trajectories of teacher expectation bias across high-, medium-, and low-expectation teacher groups across all teachers and in the curriculum areas of mathematics, Chinese, and English. Our analyses were based on two-year longitudinal data with four time points from 567 Chinese senior high school students and their 50 teachers. The results showed that across all teachers, teacher expectation bias at the individual student level was dynamic over time. That is, teachers seemed to adjust their initial expectation bias in the first few months but then maintained the adjusted expectation bias afterwards. However, when students moved from Grade 11 to Grade 12 (the last year of high school), teachers seemed to change their expectation bias again. The evidence from HLM analyses further supported these results. That is, all the high- and low-expectation teachers alleviated their initial expectation bias significantly in the first six months and then adhered to their adjusted expectation bias. However, when students moved to the last year of high school, some high- and low-expectation teachers’ expectation biases were volatile again. Nevertheless, most high- and low-expectation teachers (except for Chinese low-expectation teachers) tended to either over-estimate or under-estimate their students across two school years. Further, compared to Chinese and mathematics teachers, English teachers’ biases seemed to be even more stable. Our findings suggested that some teachers consistently over- or under-estimated their students over an extended time period and this could have implications for student outcomes.

     

《我为什么是无神论者》一书述评(二)

作者欧黑尔是“让美国人停下脚步,审视他们价值观的无神论者”。本书陈述了她的无神论不但是消极的,否认神、灵魂和天堂地狱等宗教主要元素的真实性,而且是积极的,展示一种非宗教的生活方式,依靠人类自己的力量创造大家共同的幸福生活。她的无神论以唯物主义为哲学基础,认为宗教的世界观是唯心主义的：她为唯物主义者辩诬．表述了唯物主义的基本特征及其优越性。以其主张政教分离的观念鲜明而坚定．曾推动美国最高法院判决在公立学校里限制宗教活动．因此也受到种种诅咒。     

预览搜索的优先选择:基于时间进程的探讨

预览搜索中的优先选择解释机制一直都是研究者关注的焦点.本文按照时间进程分析了视觉标记机制、新刺激出现自动获得注意的机制和时间分离假说,结合预览搜索的时间阶段和相关研究提出了主动非抑制假说,并对预览搜索的不同时间阶段可能涉及的解释机制进行了探讨.     

道德形而上学体系由现象学向法哲学的转换及其概念过渡

伦理道德是一种理性,是关于善的价值理性,这是道德体系的重要形而上学前提之一。但是,道德形而上学体系如果仅滞留于此,那它便只能皈依于哲学的形而上学,而无法进展到道德形而上学。道德形而上学体系的特点,是由理性继续前进,使之从人的思维中逸出,具有外化为现实的品质和能力。所以,道德形而上学体系逻辑地需要完成一次重大转换,即由“理性”向“精神”的辩证运动。这一转换的方法论实质,是由现象学思辨向法哲学分析过渡。道德形而上学体系的法哲学结构,由概念的两个辩证运动过程构成:由“冲动”向“冲动的合理体系”的辩证运动;由“‘冲动…     

关于美国对外关系中的宗教元素——记媒体的一些有关论述

记者在本刊2005年第一期上发过一篇《记中国无神论者与美国基督教徒的一次对话》,其中提到,在大多数中国人的心目中,美国是一个标榜民主和     

幽门螺杆菌感染的免疫防治

幽门螺杆菌感染与慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃癌及胃黏膜相关性淋巴瘤有关。疫苗是防治幽门螺杆菌感染切实可行的方法。近年来新的防治和根除幽门螺杆菌感染的疫苗正在开发并取得了很大的进展。本综述结合本室研制Hp疫苗的研究基础,简要概述疫苗保护性抗原的筛选、黏膜免疫佐剂及接种途径、Hp疫苗的保护性免疫机制、Hp感染动物模型的建立及Hp疫苗人体临床试验等方面的研究进展。