Inter-digital variability in the palmer sweat indices of adult stutterers

This study examined the relationship of mean palmar sweat density of all fingers of each hand, thumbs excluded, to asymetrical interdigital sweat variability in adult stutterers. In addition, the relationship of mean print density to part word repetitions and prolongations was investigated.

A modification of the palmar sweat printer developed by Brutten (1957) enabling the accommodation of eight fingers, was employed to obtain simultaneous PSI under identical controlled conditions for all fingers.

Results indicated that the eight fingers are not reliable areas for the determination of palmar sweating in adult stutterers. Consequently, the PSI as it is currently employed, as well as the method used in the present study, does not appear to be an acceptable objective measure of ANS arousal in adult stutterers.     

A Spirituality of the Desert for Education: The Call of Justice Beyond the Individual or Community

This paper argues for an alternative notion of spirituality for education, based on Theo de Boer’s idea of a spirituality of the desert. Rather than depicting an inner, additional region named the spiritual, spirituality here is thought of as a discourse that depicts the everyday world in a particular way. In dialogue with David Purpel’s analysis, the paper argues for a notion of spirituality that is located in an ongoing oscillation between ‘the individual’ and ‘the community.’ This oscillation turns out to be the call of justice. This analysis helps understand classroom dynamics differently, providing a place of critique for current practices.