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T M?ntyl? L B?ckman 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》1992,18(6):1298-1309
Adult age differences in the consistency effect were examined in 3 experiments. The consistency effect refers to items inconsistent with expectations being better remembered than items consistent with expectations. Younger and older adults walked into an office room and viewed objects that varied in their consistency with expectation. Immediate and delayed recognition tests on item information (i.e., distractors were defined by their semantic identity) revealed that both age groups recognized unexpected items better than expected items. However, when recognition of token information was requested (i.e., distractors were defined by their physical appearance), younger adults, in contrast to older adults, exhibited consistency effects. Also, under divided attention, young adults revealed the same pattern of data as did elderly adults under full attention. The results are discussed in terms of capacity-related differences in distinctive encoding. 相似文献
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Lewis E. Gilbert 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》1998,11(1-2):4-15
As the complexity of the challenges presented by our interactions with our planet continues to grow, we must develop new modes
of knowledge production. In these modes, distinctions between multidisciplinary and inter-disciplinary activities and processes
have renewed importance. There are at least two distinct types of interdisciplinary activities distinguished by the disciplinary
breadth they attempt to bridge. In the narrow case, reductionist processes reveal a common underlying principle or process
which can serve as a Rosetta stone. In the broad case, no such common arbiter exists. Investigators must develop integrating
vocabulary in the context of the full breadth of their work.
His primary activities are the fostering of university-wide interdisciplinary research and curriculum programs focused on
global change with the goal of developing Columbia into a world leader in issues related to global stewardship. 相似文献
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This paper examines college students' attributions about suicide as a function of gender and context (athletic vs. relationship failure). Results indicated that male athletes who suicided were considered more emotionally well-adjusted compared to males who suicided because of a relationship failure and all females. Male and female athletes who suicided were seen as more competent and less distressed compared to those who suffered a failed relationship. Females were also seen as more distressed compared to males. These results are discussed in terms of a positive bias toward athletes in our society as well as gender stereotypes. Implications of these findings as well as methodological limitations are discussed. 相似文献
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Maggie Snowling Charles Hulme Nata Goulandris 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》1994,47(4):895-916
We present a study of the accuracy, consistency, and speed of word naming in a dyslexic boy, JM, who has severe impairments in the ability to use sub-lexical, phonological reading strategies. For words that he can recognise, JM's naming latencies do not differ from those of control subjects matched for reading age, and he is generally consistent from one occasion to the next. He can also match printed homophones with their definitions--a skill that requires access to well-specified orthographic representations. The data are interpreted as evidence for the creation of efficient recognition devices for words within JM's sight vocabulary. However, he shows a continuing inability to use phonological decoding strategies to deal with words that he cannot recognize by sight. Overall we argue our results pose problems for stage models of reading development, and that they may best be interpreted within a connectionist framework of the development of word recognition skills. 相似文献
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