Teenage Fathers: A Profile

In this century both the literature and social programs devoted to adolescent pregnancy have focused almost exclusively on the female. This article presents a profile of teenage fathers by reviewing the scant literature that is available. The authors make specific recommendations for counselors on the basis of this review.     

Individual and Family Decisions About Organ Donation

abstract This paper examines, from a philosophical point of view, the ethics of the role of the family and the deceased in decisions about organ retrieval. The paper asks: Who, out of the individual and the family, should have the ultimate power to donate or withhold organs? On the side of respecting the wishes of the deceased individual, the paper considers and rejects arguments by analogy with bequest and from posthumous bodily integrity. It develops an argument for posthumous autonomy based on the liberal idea of self‐development and argues that this establishes a right of veto over donation. It claims, however, that whether the family's power to veto would conflict with posthumous autonomy rights depends on how it comes about. On the side of respecting the family's wishes, the paper first considers an argument from family distress. This supports a contingent, non‐rights‐based reason for the family's power that is trumped by the deceased's rights. It then outlines and criticises an argument based on family autonomy. The conclusion is that the individual has the right to veto the family's wish to donate and that, while the family has no right to veto the individual's wishes to donate, it can legitimately acquire this power and has done so in practice.     

Misperception of sexual and romantic interests in opposite‐sex friendships: Four hypotheses

Two online studies evaluated the misperception of sexual and romantic interests in established relationships and tested four hypotheses: a simple sex‐difference hypothesis, a projection hypothesis, a mate value hypothesis, and a mediation hypothesis. Two hundred thirty‐eight (Study 1) and 198 (Study 2) members of young adult opposite‐sex friendship dyads indicated their sexual and romantic interests in their friend and their perceptions of their friend’s sexual and romantic interests in them. Participants projected their own levels of sexual and romantic interests onto their opposite‐sex friend, mediating the following effects: males overperceived and females underperceived their friends’ sexual (but not romantic) interest, and participants of both sexes misperceived the sexual (but not romantic) interest of friends depending on the friends’ mate value.     

White Women in Management Positions During the 1990s

The author reports recruitment data that were collected to ascertain whether or not White women were gaining entry into positions that would provide an avenue for consideration and possible promotion into management positions at a large military installation.     

Ethnicity and emotional support in same-sex friendship: A comparison of Asian-Americans,African-Americans,and Euro-Americans

Emotional support is a central feature around which white, middle-class adults organize their same-sex friendships. The purpose of this study was to examine whether emotional support is accorded the same significance in the friendships of Asian- and African-Americans. Participants included 199 students (60 Euro-American men and women, 80 Asian-American men and women, and 59 African-American men and women) attending either a state or private university in California. Each participant completed three different questionnaires designed to assess perceptions of (a) the importance of comforting skill in same-sex friendship; (b) the significance of emotion-focused versus problem-focused goals in situations requiring emotional support; and (c) the sensitivity and effectiveness of various comforting strategies. Several significant differences due to ethnicity were found in participants’perceptions of emotional support and its attendant behaviors. These and related findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the conduct of same-sex friendship among individuals from different ethnic backgrounds.     

Counselor Effectiveness: An Instructional Approach

Some problems associated with evaluating counseling are presented, and an instructional approach is offered as an alternative. Some data collection procedures are outlined.     

Outcomes from Job-Recruiting Efforts To Assist Black Veterans

to ascertain whether the Veteran's Readjustment Program (VRP) brought a significantly larger percentage of Black Vietnam War veterans into the work force at the U.S. Army Missile Command Center than did traditional Office of Personnel Management recruitment procedures.