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Animal Cognition - Dogs are renowned for ‘looking back’ at humans when confronted with a problem, but it has been questioned whether this implies help-seeking or giving up. We tested 56... 相似文献
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The present research investigated whether the adoption of approach versus avoidance goals is affected by goal-relevant resources.
When individuals have few goal-relevant resources, they should prefer avoidance goals, whereas when individuals have many
goal-relevant resources, they should adopt approach goals. The individual’s outcome expectancy is assumed to mediate this
relationship. This hypothesis is supported by the findings of four multi-method studies with student samples. A cross-sectional
field study showed a positive relationship between the extent of goal-relevant resources and approach goal adoption. In a
longitudinal field study, a high number of resources predicted the increase in personal approach goal adoption over a period
of 4 months, controlling for neuroticism. Two experiments showed that the manipulation of resources affected approach versus
avoidance task goal adoption, with outcome expectancy mediating the relationship. These findings complement existing findings
on dispositional determinants of approach versus avoidance goal adoption. 相似文献
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