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已有大量研究揭示了近似数量系统与计算流畅性的相关关系, 但缺少对二者关系原因的系统检验与论证。视觉形状知觉假设有别于传统的数量领域特异性解释, 认为对形状的快速知觉是近似数量系统与计算流畅性的共同认知机制, 即视觉形状的快速知觉能力可以解释二者之间的相关关系。近似数量系统和计算流畅性在加工过程中依赖对形状的快速知觉, 二者在加工过程中都涉及了复杂视觉刺激的快速处理。视觉形状知觉假设得到了一系列研究结果的支持, 但局限在视觉形状知觉与二者关系的探讨上, 视觉形状知觉在二者关系中作用的加工机制仍不清楚。未来研究需要结合多种研究方法和技术, 多角度深入探讨视觉形状知觉在二者关系中作用的认知与脑机制, 并将研究结果应用于数学课堂教学和计算困难的干预中。 相似文献
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This study investigated whether numerical processing was important for two types of mathematical competence: arithmetical computation and mathematical reasoning. Thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven Chinese primary school children in third through sixth grades took eight computerised tasks: numerical processing (numerosity comparison, digit comparison), arithmetical computation, number series completion, non-verbal matrix reasoning, mental rotation, choice reaction time, and word rhyming. Hierarchical regressions showed that both non-symbolic numerical processing (numerosity comparison) and symbolic numerical processing (digit comparison) were independent predictors of arithmetical computation but neither was a predictor of mathematical reasoning (assessed by number series completion). These findings suggest that the cognitive basis of mathematical performance varies depending on the type of mathematical competence measured. 相似文献
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Cole PM Tan PZ Hall SE Zhang Y Crnic KA Blair CB Li R 《Developmental psychology》2011,47(4):1078-1089
Being able to wait is an essential part of self-regulation. In the present study, the authors examined the developmental course of changes in the latency to and duration of target-waiting behaviors by following 65 boys and 55 girls from rural and semirural economically strained homes from ages 18 months to 48 months. Age-related changes in latency to and duration of children's anger expressions and attention focus (e.g., self-initiated distraction) during an 8-min wait for a gift were found. On average, at 18 and 24 months of age, children were quick to react angrily and slower to shift attention away from the desired object than they were at later ages. Over time, children were quicker to distract themselves. By 36 months, distractions occurred before children expressed anger, and anger expressions were briefer. At 48 months, children typically made a quick bid to their mothers about having to wait before distracting themselves; on average, they did not appear angry until the latter half of the wait. Unexpectedly, children bid to their mothers as much at age 48 months as they had at 18 months; however, bids became less angry as children got older. Developmental changes in distraction and bidding predicted age-related changes in the latency to anger. Findings are discussed in terms of the neurocognitive control of attention around age 30 months, the limitations of children's self-regulatory efforts at age 48 months, and the importance of fostering children's ability to forestall, as well as modulate, anger. 相似文献
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Elinor McKone Amy Dawel Rachel A. Robbins Yiyun Shou Nan Chen Kate Crookes 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2023,114(Z1):230-252
What happens to everyday social interactions when other-race recognition fails? Here, we provide the first formal investigation of this question. We gave East Asian international students (N = 89) a questionnaire concerning their experiences of the other-race effect (ORE) in Australia, and a laboratory test of their objective other-race face recognition deficit using the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT). As a ‘perpetrator’ of the ORE, participants reported that their problems telling apart Caucasian people contributed significantly to difficulties socializing with them. Moreover, the severity of this problem correlated with their ORE on the CFMT. As a ‘victim’ of the ORE, participants reported that Caucasians' problems telling them apart also contributed to difficulties socializing. Further, 81% of participants had been confused with other Asians by a Caucasian authority figure (e.g., university tutor, workplace boss), resulting in varying levels of upset/difficulty. When compared to previously established contributors to international students' high rates of social isolation, ORE-related problems were perceived as equally important as the language barrier and only moderately less important than cultural differences. We conclude that the real-world impact of the ORE extends beyond previously identified specialized settings (eyewitness testimony, security), to common everyday situations experienced by all humans. 相似文献
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家庭沟通模式对儿童广告态度的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文以家庭沟通模式理论为基础,通过对151份来自学生及母亲的问卷调查,探讨了不同家庭沟通模式对儿童广告态度的影响,结果表明,交互型和多元型的母亲比保护型和放任型的母亲更经常与孩子一起看电视;交互型和多元型的母亲比保护型和放任型的母亲更经常与孩子讨论电视广告;交互型和保护型母亲对孩子看电视时间的控制要比多元型和放任型的母亲严:交互型和多元型家庭中的儿童对广告的总体态度比另两类儿童对广告的总体态度要积极。 相似文献
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Michael Smithson Yiyun Shou 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2017,70(3):412-438
This paper introduces a two‐parameter family of distributions for modelling random variables on the (0,1) interval by applying the cumulative distribution function of one ‘parent’ distribution to the quantile function of another. Family members have explicit probability density functions, cumulative distribution functions and quantiles in a location parameter and a dispersion parameter. They capture a wide variety of shapes that the beta and Kumaraswamy distributions cannot. They are amenable to likelihood inference, and enable a wide variety of quantile regression models, with predictors for both the location and dispersion parameters. We demonstrate their applicability to psychological research problems and their utility in modelling real data. 相似文献
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Wang Meng-Cheng Deng Jiaxin Shou Yiyun Sellbom Martin 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2022,44(3):620-635
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment - Although psychopathic personality has been described as a syndrome comprising three or four distinct personality domains, there is still no... 相似文献
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The association between non-symbolic number comparison and mathematical abilities depends on fluency
Cognitive Processing - Numerous studies have explored the correlation between non-symbolic number comparison and mathematical abilities in children, but the results have been inconsistent. The... 相似文献
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本研究选取一名15岁的重度自闭症谱系障碍儿童为研究对象,采用眼动追踪技术考察其情绪主题绘本阅读的眼动特征,并制定情绪主题绘本阅读方案,对该儿童的情绪理解障碍进行干预。结果显示:(1)在干预前,这名儿童阅读情绪主题绘本时更加关注背景区域,而较少注意主角形象区域,在整体画面中最后关注甚至忽视主角表情这一重要信息。(2)通过情绪主题绘本阅读干预,这名儿童对主角表情的首次注视前时间减少,注意分配时间和注视次数显著增加;情绪理解能力也显著提高。 相似文献
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