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1.
Zibei Gu Li Liu Xuyun Tan Yuan Liang Jianning Dang Cong Wei Deyun Ren Qian Su Guozhao Wang 《International journal of psychology》2020,55(4):499-508
Findings on the effect of power on corruption are mixed. To make sense of these mixed results, three studies were conducted to examine the moderating role of status on this effect. In Study 1, corrupt intent was measured using a corruption scenario that contained manipulations of power and status. In Study 2, corrupt behaviour was measured in a corruption game that contained manipulations of power and status. Study 3 was conducted in real organisational settings, and aimed to expand the external validity of Studies 1 and 2. The results of all three studies consistently indicated that the effect of power was moderated by status. Specifically, power increased corruption when status was low, whereas this effect disappeared when status was high. The implications of reducing the facilitating effect of power on corruption by considering status from the perspective of social hierarchy are discussed. 相似文献
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睡眠不足会对人的认知、情感和人际交互产生诸多影响。这种影响在社会情绪层面表现为个体情绪共情和认知共情的减少,易激惹性与愤怒情绪的增加;在社会行为层面则表现为亲社会行为的减少和攻击行为的增加。在睡眠不足状态下,情绪系统和认知系统功能连接的减弱可能是这些变化的潜在机制。未来应结合生态效度较高的睡眠操作手段,系统考察睡眠不足如何导致各种高级社会情绪的改变,以及这些社会情绪的变化如何导致社会行为的变化。 相似文献
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Shu-hsien Liu 《Zygon》1989,24(4):457-468
Abstract. The traditional Chinese idea of t'ien-jen-ho-i (Heaven and humanity in union) implies that humanity has to live in harmony with nature. As science and technology progress, however, the idea appears increasingly outmoded, and it becomes fashionable to talk about overcoming nature. Ironically, though, the further science reaches the more clearly are its limitations exposed. The exploitation of nature not only endangers many life forms on earth but threatens the very existence of the human species. I propose that a reconstruction of the traditional Chinese idea of T'ien-jen-ho-i will help us envisage a new and salutary relation between humanity and nature. 相似文献
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Alcohol and social behavior II: the helpful drunkard 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Can alcohol make people more helpful, and if so, how? We hypothesized that alcohol would increase helping when, if the person were sober, the helping response would be under high inhibitory conflict--that is, when it would be affected by strong instigating and inhibiting pressures. Alcohol's damage to inhibitory processing should then allow instigating pressures to have more influence on the response, increasing helping. We expected that under low inhibitory conflict, when either or both of these response pressures would be weak under sobriety, alcohol would have little effect on helping. In two experiments we examined this reasoning. In Study 1, a mild dose of alcohol increased helping among high-conflict subjects pressured to help with a task they did not like, but did not increase helping among low-conflict subjects who either liked the task or were weakly pressured to help. In Study 2, a somewhat stronger dose of alcohol increased helping among all high-conflict subjects pressured to help with an undesirable task, yet again had no effect among low-conflict subjects weakly pressured to help. These studies provided an experimental demonstration of the role of inhibitory response conflict in mediating alcohol's social effects, and show that this process generalizes to prosocial behavior. Additional evidence from both experiments helped to rule out alternative explanations concerning drinking expectancies, alcohol's ability to enhance mood, and its ability to make the task more bearable. 相似文献
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歼击机座舱的视界是人-机系统中组成人机界面的一个重要方面。对歼击机座舱外视界各国研究得比较多,而对座舱内部视界则研究得比较少。笔者用自行设计和研制的速识器和视标箱,在模拟我国现役歼击机座舱有关参数的条件下,实测100名空勤人员对分布在主仪表板上32个视标的反应时。把主仪表板分成八个区域(上、下各四个区),对测得的数据进行统计学处理,得出如下结论:上中两个区为最佳视区,右下区为一般视区,其余区域为较佳视区。把主仪表板分成四个区域(上、下各两个区),其视觉效果上比下好,左比右好,符合工程心理学的一般规律。 相似文献
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库恩的范式论及其在心理学革命上的有效性 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
文中,把库恩的范式论及其在心理学革命上的有效性分为几个部分来论述:库恩科学哲学的理论基础——范式论;他的范式论在心理学革命上的应用;他的范式论的贡献和局限。最后,笔者认为心理学革命必须在辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的指导下才能成功。 相似文献
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学前和初小儿童智能筛查——图片词汇测试法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
美国L.M.Dunn 1965年修改发表的皮勃迪图片词汇测试(PeabodyPicture Vocabulary Test简称PPVT)目前仍是美国智力不足协会(AAMD)所介绍的常用智能测试方法之一。本文参考PPVT制订出适合我国城市学前期与小学初期儿童的图片词汇测试;在上海市区进行标准化;制订了智龄量表、智商和百分位数量表。本测试再测信度r=0.945,二测试者间信度r=0.913。奇偶信度r=0.945,测试标准误σ=4.5。本方法与“学前儿童能力筛查五十项”,“画人试验”,“WPPSI”总智商、语言智商、操作智商,语文成绩,算术成绩的效度相关分别为:r=0.478,r=0.466,r=0.590,r=0.531,r=0.427,r=0.652,r=0.609。本测试制订以来已经数千人次应用,证明是一种简便易行,省时经济,准确性较好,且能进行集体测试的学前及小学初期儿童一般智能(generalintelligence)的筛查方法(Screening test)。 相似文献