Measuring emotional intelligence

The purposes of this study were (a) to develop a measure of emotional intelligence, the Emotional Intelligence Inventory and (b) to find the underlying dimensions of the inventory by testing 111 high school students at a bilingual college preparatory school. The inventory has 45 items. After excluding the four weakest items, the reliability coefficient alpha was .83. Subsequently, 319 junior and senior high school students at the same school were administered the 41 items. The reliability coefficient was .81. A maximum likelihood factor analysis with a varimax rotation yielded four factors of empathy, utilization of feelings, handling relationships, and self-control. Psychometric properties were sound, and the revised Emotional Intelligence Inventory can be recommended for use in the investigation of emotional intelligence.     

Second special section on religion and territorial politics in southern Europe

The three articles included in this second special section devoted to the interactions between religion and territorial politics in southern Europe continue the underlying research questions about the multiscalar interactions between religious mobilisation and policymaking, focusing on different denominations and scales of observations. The three articles point out three relevant elements for the analysis of religion and local politics. First, they show how contextualised exogenous factors influence the structures of opportunities for religions in the public and the political spheres. Second, they inchoately reveal the weakness of simplistic readings of the secularisation thesis. Third, they evidence the importance of a local and localised approach in analysing the relationships between religion and politics.     

Parietal ERP Activity and Appetite

Recent research on brain activity suggests that visual attention increases in response to emotional images. This increase is reflected in signs of greater activity, in response to different emotional visual stimuli, in parietal and parietooccipital areas in several studies employing neuroimaging techniques and event-related potentials (ERPs). In the latter case, greater parietal and parietooccipital negativities have been observed. The objective of the present study was to examine the role of a person's level of motivation towards the emotional stimulus with respect to this ERP pattern. Two groups of stimuli were presented to 60 participants: neutral or N (photographs of taps) and appetitive or A (photographs of cakes). The level of hunger was measured via a questionnaire. Recordings were taken at PO3, PO4, P7, and P8. The largest differences, as a function of appetite, were produced between 575 and 625 ms. Multiple regression analyses were carried out to study the relationship between subjects' appetite and their ERP recordings in response to A and N stimuli. There was a significant negative association between appetite and 575–625 mean amplitude in response to stimulus A at PO3 and PO4.     

Development and initial validation of the Classroom Motivational Climate Questionnaire (CMCQ)

Research on classroom goal-structures (CGS) has shown the usefulness of assessing the classroom motivational climate to evaluate educational interventions and to promote changes in teachers' activity. So, the Classroom Motivational Climate Questionnaire for Secondary and High-School students was developed. To validate it, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation and regression analyses were performed. Results showed that the CMCQ is a highly reliable instrument that covers many of the types of teaching patterns that favour motivation to learn, correlates as expected with other measures of CGS, predicts satisfaction with teacher's work well, and allows detecting teachers who should revise their teaching.     

Atribución de la causalidad y motivación de logro. I: estudio evolutivo de la utilización de información en la realización de juicios de atribución

Resumen

Este estudio ha examinado los cambios que se producen entre los seis y los once años en la utilización de información al realizar juicios de atribución para explicar el éxito y el fracaso. Se han examinado 30 niños y 30 niñas de 1.°, 3.° y 5.° de EGB, 180 en total. A estos sujetos se les facilitó información sobre una actividad cuyo resultado podía ser éxito o fracaso (resultado inmediato de la misma, historia de resultados obtenidos anteriormente en la tarea, tiempo empleado por el sujeto en realizarla, resultados obtenidos por otros sujetos habitualmente y naturaleza de la tarea). En cada caso se les pedía que atribuyesen el resultado observado (éxito o fracaso) a alguno de los factores causales «habilidad», «esfuerzo», «dificultad de la tarea» y «suerte». Los datos han puesto de manifiesto que el uso de los distintos indicios de información, tanto individualmente como en distintas combinaciones, se desarrolla siguiendo pautas particulares diferentes para cada factor causal.     

Maternal attachment representations and the development of very low birth weight premature infants at two years of age

There is a consensus that prematurity could increase the risk of attachment impairment. We studied 90 premature children with very low birth weights (<1,500 g) and 96 healthy children born at term with similar age and sociodemographic characteristics. Our objective was to assess maternal stress and attachment representations, and compare development indices on both groups at 2 years of age. Premature infants had a medium‐to‐severe degree of immaturity and biological risk (M gestational age = 29.98 weeks; birth weight = 1,159.76 g), with 57% staying in the ICU ≥1 week. These children born prematurely had lower scores on the development indices within the normal range. Mothers of premature infants (n = 74) reported higher levels of stress during their first year of life (59%) than did controls (41%), but no significant differences were detected in maternal attachment discourse between the two groups. The findings confirm that premature birth has a great influence on maternal emotional responses and the health and development of children in the first years of life, and indicate that stress responses in parents and warning signs for attachment problems should be assessed as early as possible.     

Atribución de la causalidad y motivación de logro. II: Estudio evolutivo de la influencia de las atribuciones en el nivel manifiesto de motivación de logro

Resumen

Este artículo incluye dos estudios sobre las relaciones entre la motivación de logro y las atribuciones causales realizados desde una perspectiva evolutiva. En ambos se han examinado 180 sujetos, 60 de 1.°, 60 de 3.° y 60 de 5.° de ECB. El primero, como se esperaba, ha mostrado que sólo desde 5.° de EGB las diferencias existentes dentro de cada una de las variables estudiadas se relacionan igual que en ios adultos, siendo más frecuente la atribución de los resultados al «esfuerzo» en el caso de sujetos con alta motivación. Igualmente han aparecido diferencias significativas entre las atribuciones de ambos grupos de sujetos en I.° de ECB a la «dificultad de la tarea», siendo menor este tipo de atribución en caso de motivación baja. Se ha sugerido una explicación para este resultado no esperado. En el segundo estudio, los resultados no han sido concluyentes en relación con la hipótesis propuesta. Ante este hecho se ha sugerido y comentado una posible explicación.     

Estudio sobre la validez de constructo de los cuestionarios MAPE,EAT y ECO

Resumen

Este artículo presenta un estudio sobre la validez de constructo de los cuestionarios MAPE, EAT y ECO. Mediante el análisis de las correlaciones entre las escalas de estos cuestionarios se ponen a prueba los supuestos de distintas teorías sobre las relaciones entre motivos relacionados con el logro, patrones atributivos y expectativas de control. Los resultados son consistentes con la teoría de Dweck y Elliot en la mayoría de los casos. También ponen de manifiesto que la atribución del fracaso a la falta de esfuerzo puede deberse a diferentes causas, dadas las implicaciones psicológicas encontradas, lo que constituye un resultado no esperado. Finalmente, se comentan las implicaciones de los resultados para la investigación y para el uso aplicado de estos cuestionarios.