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Hinson JM Whitney P Holben H Wirick AK 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2006,6(3):190-200
The proponents of the somatic marker hypothesis presume that rational decision making is guided by emotional reactions that
are developed from prior experience. Supporting evidence for the hypothesis comes almost exclusively from the short-term affective
reactions that are learned during the course of a hypothetical decision-making task—the gambling task (GT). We examined GT
performance and affective reactions to choices when those choices were biased by words that had preexisting affective value.
In one experiment, affectively valued words directly signaled good and bad choices. A congruent relation between affective
value of word and choice outcome improved GT performance, whereas an incongruent relation greatly interfered with performance.
In another experiment, affectively valued words were maintained as a working memory (WM) load between GT choices. A WM load
with affectively positive words somewhat improved GT performance, whereas affectively negative words interfered with performance.
Somatic markers—indicated by differential anticipatory skin conductance response (SCR ) amplitude for good and bad choices—appeared
at a point in the GT session when choice performance was superior. However, differential SCR developed during the session
after good choice performance was already established. These results indicate that preexisting affective biases can influence
GT decision making. In addition, the somatic markers that are regular accompaniments of GT decision making appeared to be
temporally lagging indicators of choice performance. 2006 Psychonomic Society, Inc. 相似文献
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Whitney P Hinson JM Wirick A Holben H 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2007,7(1):37-43
In the present study, skin conductance responses (SCRs) were measured postdecision and prefeedback in a go/no-go (GNG) task
in which participants used response feedback to learn when to respond or not to respond to numeric stimuli. Like somatic markers
in gambling tasks and somatic reactions to error monitoring in choice reaction time tasks, SCR patterns distinguished between
correct and incorrect trials over time. These somatic reactions were disrupted by a reversal of GNG contingencies, and they
were facilitated by pretraining of the stimulus—response mappings. In all cases, however, the somatic reactions appeared to
be a product of competent decision making rather than a contributor to performance. Differential somatic responses to good
and bad choices appear to be a robust and fairly general phenomenon, but researchers should be cautious in assuming that the
somatic responses contribute to performance. 相似文献
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