Limiting confidential information in counseling

Historically, confidentiality has been viewed on all educational levels as implicit both in counseling relationships and in the maintenance and use of student records; yet recently, a decision of a Superior Court judge in the state of Maine (the Bates College case) made it obvious that at least college admissions records which show school counselor recommendations are not necessarily legally confidential. With expressed needs for privileged communication in education continuing to manifest themselves through the consideration and passage of legislation, this article reconsiders prevailing legal and ethical limits to confidentiality, with particular reference to the APGA Ethical Standards of 1961.     

Partner preferences across sexual orientations and biological sex

This study examined how partner preferences differ across interpersonal contexts (romantic attachment and relationship expectations) based on sexuality and biological sex. Participants completed measures of attachment and behavioral expectations for their romantic partners, cross‐sex friends, and same‐sex friends. The attachment anxiety results revealed an effect of sexuality: Single heterosexuals scored higher for their cross‐sex friends than same‐sex friends, single lesbian/gay individuals scored higher for same‐sex friends than cross‐sex friends, and bisexuals' attachment anxiety was equal regardless of friends' biological sex. The behavioral expectation results revealed an effect of biological sex indicating that, regardless of sexuality, women are preferred over men for emotional/social needs. Finally, an interaction revealed that lesbians have higher expectations for their girlfriends/wives than straight men have for theirs.     

Choose Your Own Adventure: Examining the Fictional Content of Video Games as Interactive Fictions

This article explores the unique philosophical challenges that video games pose as forms of interactive fiction and examines the different types of fictional truth which they present in order to lay the groundwork for further discussion of video games as fictions not only by generating useful vocabulary and an ontological framework to aid continued study but also by using the fictional truths found in video games to challenge one of the most influential models of fictional truth: that of Kendall Walton. I argue that Walton's definition of fictional truth cannot account for all of the fictional content presented by video games and use video games to provide two counterexamples to his claims. By shedding light on these challenges, this article establishes video games as an interesting and unique form of narrative art worthy of the attention of philosophers not only for the fictional content which they present but also for the way in which they present it.