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1.
Kathleen M. Holehan Claudia L. Dozier Sara C. Diaz de Villegas Rachel L. Jess Kelsey S. Goddard Elizabeth A. Foley 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2020,53(3):1559-1578
Recently, researchers have compared the utility of isolated versus synthesized contingencies in functional analysis (FA) methodology (e.g., Fisher et al., 2016; Slaton et al., 2017). A limitation of these studies is that there were other differences across FA methodologies (e.g., design, contingency) that did not allow for isolation of the influence of isolated versus synthesized contingencies. Therefore, the current study compared outcomes of FAs that involved isolated versus synthesized contingencies for problem behavior of 5 children while controlling for these other differences across FAs (Experiment 1). Next, the current study compared the effects of interventions based on the functions identified in the isolated and synthesized contingencies for each participant (Experiment 2). Results indicated isolated contingency FAs produced differentiated responding for 1 or both functions for all 5 participants, and there were little to no differences between treatments informed by isolated and synthesized contingency FAs. 相似文献
2.
Christopher A. Podlesnik Toshikazu Kuroda Corina Jimenez‐Gomez Josele Abreu‐Rodrigues Carlos R. X. Canado Abigail L. Blackman Karli Silverman Jamie Villegas‐Barker Melinda Galbato Italo S. C. Teixeira 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2019,111(3):416-435
The present study examined whether resurgence of a previously reinforced target response upon removing alternative reinforcement would be greater when (1) returning to the original training context (ABA context changes) versus (2) remaining in the analogue treatment context in which the alternative response was differentially reinforced (ABB context changes). Experiment 1 arranged reinforcement of button pressing with points exchangeable for money in university students. Experiment 2 arranged reinforcement of lever pressing with food for rats. Experiment 3 arranged reinforcement of responses to a touchscreen with small bites of food with children diagnosed with ASD. Overall, resurgence of target responding tended to be greater when returning to the original training context (A) than when remaining in the analogue treatment context (B). These findings suggest context changes with differential reinforcement treatments could exacerbate the recurrence of problem behavior resulting from reductions in treatment integrity through failure to reinforce appropriate behavior. 相似文献
3.
The purpose of this study was to understand the effect that individual characteristics have on consumer advertising processing under high- and low-interactivity circumstances on the Web. Tests on the relationship between individual differences and advertising responses form the basis of this empirical study on the Web. The results indicated that consumers have a higher tendency to avoid or experience ambivalence about Internet advertisements under low-interactivity circumstances, and attitudinal ambivalence lead to avoidance when responding to advertisements on the Internet. Personality variables are the main factors in consumer decision-making behaviors and Internet characteristics, such as levels of interactivity, can greatly influence the effectiveness of advertising in online environments. Advertising credibility could influence people's consumer attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors over time on the Web. 相似文献
4.
This paper is intended to show the usefulness of a personal construct approach to assessment in sports psychology. A repertory grid design to assess managers of sports teams is presented. The method provides useful information about the commonalty between the group and the manager's view and also allows an evaluation of the changes produced as a result of manager's interventions. Research carried out in a Spanish football team is presented and some results are discussed from the perspective of selected information to be conveyed to the manager in order to develop his sociality in construing the players. 相似文献
5.
Luis Oceja Tamara Ambrona Belén López-Pérez Sergio Salgado Marisol Villegas 《Motivation and emotion》2010,34(2):110-119
Feeling empathy for one person in need while being aware of others may increase the motivational ambivalence between the motive
of helping the one and the motive of helping the others, and such motivational ambivalence may reduce the helping directed
to the person in need. To test these hypotheses we carried out three studies in which participants were faced with a real
case of a child in need. In Study 1, empathy, awareness of others and motivational ambivalence were allowed to occur naturally
and subsequently measured. In Study 2, empathy and awareness of others were experimentally manipulated, and motivational ambivalence
measured. In Study 3, we tested how empathy and motivational ambivalence influenced an actual helping decision. Taken together,
the results supported our two hypotheses. The present research offers insight into processes not previously considered in
the research, but which may influence decisions about assistance to others in need. 相似文献
6.
Although previous research has shown the importance of feature-intensive processing of relevant information in the staving
off of addictive behaviors, the present study examined the possibility that a more global, gestalt rejection of cigarette
smoking may be operating to reduce smoking behavior. The present study addressed this possibility through the use of a decision
efficacy rating procedure, in which smoking and nonsmoking respondents were asked to determine whether an individual was justified
in smoking in a variety of given situations. Nonsmokers tended to reject smoking under any circumstances, whereas smokers
tended to entertain mitigating circumstances more favorably in justifying smoking, especially when smoking could be construed
as providing some perceived positive gains in serious situations. Results are discussed in terms of the gestalt/feature-intensive
processing theory of cognition, and in terms of the importance of cognitive approaches to the understanding of addictive behaviors. 相似文献
7.
Matthew?J.?SharpsEmail author Jana?L.?Price-Sharps Sandy?Schulte?Day Michael?A?Nunes Amy?Boothby?Villegas Sandra?Mitchell 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2005,24(2):91-101
Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is associated with elevated levels of substance abuse, but the cognitive linkages
involved have been little explored. The present study builds upon earlier work showing that more gestalt, as opposed to feature-intensive,
styles of processing are conductive to substance abuse, especially in those with ADHD symptoms. The work reported here indicates
that a protective factor against substance abuse may lie in relatively efficient heuristic processing, especially synthetic
or inferential heuristic processing, but further demonstrates that those with ADHD symptoms tend to have poorer abilities
in this regard, even at the subclinical, nondiagnosed level. Results are discussed in terms of the gestalt/featureintensive
processing theory of cognition. 相似文献
8.
This paper presents the results of a survey on the sexual behavior of Colombian high school students. It documents significant gender differences in the sexual behavior of Colombian adolescents as compared with the more egalitarian sexual behavior of their American and European counterparts. The study indicates that prostitutes are playing a decreasing role in the sexual lives of Colombian males as a result of a trend toward premarital coital permissiveness among Colombian females. The findings also support previous studies which indicate that there are intrinsic gender differences in the intensity and frequency of sexual desire. 相似文献
9.
Improvements in the fatigue resistance of a nickel-based alloy have been achieved via a surface nanocrystallization and hardening (SNH) process. The enhanced fatigue resistance is related to the surface nanocrystallization, work hardening, and compressive residual stresses induced by the SNH process. 相似文献
10.
Matthew J. Sharps Jana L. Price-Sharps Sandy Schulte Day Michael A Nunes Amy Boothby Villegas Sandra Mitchell 《Current Psychology》2005,24(2):91-101
Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is associated with elevated levels of substance abuse, but the cognitive linkages
involved have been little explored. The present study builds upon earlier work showing that more gestalt, as opposed to feature-intensive,
styles of processing are conductive to substance abuse, especially in those with ADHD symptoms. The work reported here indicates
that a protective factor against substance abuse may lie in relatively efficient heuristic processing, especially synthetic
or inferential heuristic processing, but further demonstrates that those with ADHD symptoms tend to have poorer abilities
in this regard, even at the subclinical, nondiagnosed level. Results are discussed in terms of the gestalt/featureintensive
processing theory of cognition. 相似文献