Exclusive early mothering and its alternatives The Outcome to Adolescence

Abstract.— This investigation focuses on the later development, up to mid-adolescence, of boys and girls (separately) who had had either exclusive care by their mothers up to age 5 or daily substitute care ("diffused mothering") for a substantial proportion of their earlier lives. Findings from a longitudinal study are first presented in the following order. The outcome of the contrasting regimes, exclusive vs. diffused mothering, is reported for each sex at various ages from 6 to 17, and the validity of these findings is critically examined. The mothers' personalities and attitudes are then investigated as a possible co-determinant of the observed outcome. Developmental patterns of behaviour tendencies, intelligence and attainment are next traced to discover when intergroup differences first appeared. Lastly, conditions of substitute care are examined, and evidence from subsamples cited on the apparent effects of unstable regimes, age of commencement, and group vs. individual care. The findings under each heading are subsequently compared with those of other investigators, a theoretical interpretation offered, future research needs outlined, and provisional conclusions formulated.     

THE INTEGRITY OF DISCOURSE IN THE ANGLICAN EUCHARISTIC TRADITION: A CONSIDERATION OF PHILOSOPHICAL ASSUMPTIONS

This article explores the integrity of the discourse in the Anglican eucharistic tradition by considering the philosophical assumptions that underlie eucharistic theology. It argues that where the conversation of the Anglican eucharistic tradition is open and unfinished then the integrity of the discourse is facilitated as opposed to the conversations of party positions and particular interests which suggest exclusive versions of truth. The conversation or dialogue of Anglican eucharistic theology is seen to be enhanced through the consideration of the philosophical assumptions of realism and nominalism to both the moderate and immoderate degrees that underpin eucharistic theology as a state of affairs. The insights of contemporary philosophers are used as a way of conceptualising the discourse of the Anglican eucharistic tradition and a model of Anglican eucharistic theology is suggested as a means of facilitating the integrity of the discourse through the recognition of multiformity in the tradition and by distancing the discourse from the hermeneutic idealism of particular interest.     

THE EFFECTS OF GROUP INTERDEPENDENCE ON SUPERVISOR PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS

A laboratory experiment was designed to test the effect of group member interdependence on supervisory performance ratings. Subjects played the role of supervisors in charge of evaluating members of a three-person work group which was constructed to include two good performers and one poor performer. Supervisors were either told that group members would work closely together (high interdependence) or independently (low interdependence). As hypothesized, supervisors rated the poor performer higher and the good performers lower when the group was portrayed as highly interdependent than when the group members were relatively independent.     

Attitudes of life in children and young adolescents

Abstract.— As part of a longitudinal study in London, 68 boys and 48 girls were asked, at ages 7, 12 and 15, their views on the advantages and disadvantages of various times of life, of being a boy or a girl and a man or a woman, of marrying and having children. This paper reports on the distribution of attitudes in each sex at the three ages; discusses the reasons given; relates the attitudes to social class, intelligence, and physical maturation in each sex; looks at longitudinal consistency in relation to age of puberty and other variables; and considers the developmental and social implications of these children's views of life.