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Sven-Eric Liedman 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2002,21(4-5):313-333
Schools have existed since timeimmemorable. From the perspective of the modernworld, the most radical change has been thatschools are now expected not only to reflectcurrent reality, but also to prepare its pupilsfor a changing world. In this article, Wilhelmvon Humboldt's great university reform ishighlighted. Humboldt's ideas of Bildungwere never fully realised in the universitysystem, due to a structural contradiction inhis university plan between specialisedresearch and all-embracing philosophy. The ideaitself, however, remains fruitful, especiallyif combined with John Dewey's moredown-to-earth conceptions. 相似文献
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Analogical problem solving is mostly described as transfer of a source solution to a target problem based on the structural
correspondences (mapping) between source and target. Derivational analogy (Carbonell, Machine learning: an artificial intelligence
approach Los Altos. Morgan Kaufmann, 1986) proposes an alternative view: a target problem is solved by replaying a remembered problem-solving episode. Thus, the experience
with the source problem is used to guide the search for the target solution by applying the same solution technique rather
than by transferring the complete solution. We report an empirical study using the path finding problems presented in Novick
and Hmelo (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 20:1296–1321, 1994) as material. We show that both transformational and derivational analogy are problem-solving strategies realized by human
problem solvers. Which strategy is evoked in a given problem-solving context depends on the constraints guiding object-to-object
mapping between source and target problem. Specifically, if constraints facilitating mapping are available, subjects are more
likely to employ a transformational strategy, otherwise they are more likely to use a derivational strategy. 相似文献
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Sven-Eric Liedman 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2002,21(4-5):353-359
In public debate, we can discern amostly implicit idea that politics is an affairfor politicians. This contradicts the idea ofthe active citizen, according to which thedifference between politician and citizen ismerely accidental. This article focus upon theprerequisites of such an ideal in modernsociety and especially the classical idea ofprudence as central to good citizenship. Therole of school education is stressed. MarthaNussbaum's concept of ``narrative imagination'is seen as important as well as well aneducation aiming at the Bildung of thestudent. 相似文献
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