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Stapleton M 《The Behavioral and brain sciences》2012,35(3):166-167
This commentary (1) raises the question about the possible conflation of core affect with the neural representation of interoceptive changes in regard to whether biological value is subpersonal or must be experienced, and (2) proposes that Wundt's third dimension of core affect - strain-relaxation - can be accounted for in the target model under a generalised predictive model of attention. 相似文献
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David Schultz Archana Ambike Sean Kevin Logie Katherine E. Bohner Laura M. Stapleton Holly VanderWalde Christopher B. Min Jennifer A. Betkowski 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(5):601-613
Crick and Dodge’s (Psychological Bulletin 115:74–101, 1994) social information processing model has proven very useful in guiding research focused on aggressive and peer-rejected children’s
social-cognitive functioning. Its application to early childhood, however, has been much more limited. The present study responds
to this gap by developing and validating a video-based assessment tool appropriate for early childhood, the Schultz Test of
Emotion Processing—Preliminary Version (STEP-P). One hundred twenty-five Head Start preschool children participated in the
study. More socially competent children more frequently attributed sadness to the victims of provocation and labeled aggressive
behaviors as both morally unacceptable and less likely to lead to positive outcomes. More socially competent girls labeled
others’ emotions more accurately. More disruptive children more frequently produced physically aggressive solutions to social
provocations, and more disruptive boys less frequently interpreted social provocations as accidental. The STEP-P holds promise
as an assessment tool that assesses knowledge structures related to the SIP model in early childhood. 相似文献
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Small-sample inference with clustered data has received increased attention recently in the methodological literature, with several simulation studies being presented on the small-sample behavior of many methods. However, nearly all previous studies focus on a single class of methods (e.g., only multilevel models, only corrections to sandwich estimators), and the differential performance of various methods that can be implemented to accommodate clustered data with very few clusters is largely unknown, potentially due to the rigid disciplinary preferences. Furthermore, a majority of these studies focus on scenarios with 15 or more clusters and feature unrealistically simple data-generation models with very few predictors. This article, motivated by an applied educational psychology cluster randomized trial, presents a simulation study that simultaneously addresses the extreme small sample and differential performance (estimation bias, Type I error rates, and relative power) of 12 methods to account for clustered data with a model that features a more realistic number of predictors. The motivating data are then modeled with each method, and results are compared. Results show that generalized estimating equations perform poorly; the choice of Bayesian prior distributions affects performance; and fixed effect models perform quite well. Limitations and implications for applications are also discussed. 相似文献
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We assessed whether mindfulness (active categorization) can prevent automatic stereotype-activated behaviors related to the
elderly. Eighty participants (mean age = 24.4) were given a set of photographs to prime the dimension Old
Age and were asked to categorize them multiple times, to see whether the effect of the prime could be reduced through increased
mindfulness. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions, where they were asked to categorize the photographs
across (1) four self-generated categories; (2) four assigned categories; (3) a single category—Gender; or (4) a single category—Age.
Participants’ walking speed (cf. Bargh et al. 1996, Experiment 2) was then measured, as they moved between the two experimental stations. The results show that greater mindfulness
predicted greater walking speed, indicating a decrease in the effect of the automatic stereotype-activated behavior.
相似文献
Ellen J. LangerEmail: |
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This paper explores some of the differences between the enactive approach in cognitive science and the extended mind thesis.
We review the key enactive concepts of autonomy and sense-making. We then focus on the following issues: (1) the debate between internalism and externalism about cognitive processes; (2)
the relation between cognition and emotion; (3) the status of the body; and (4) the difference between ‘incorporation’ and
mere ‘extension’ in the body-mind-environment relation.
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Mog StapletonEmail: |
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Clay R Hebert M Gill G Stapleton LA Pridham A Coady M Bishop J Adamec RE Blundell JJ 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2011,96(2):367-377
Background
The role of glucocorticoids in extinction of traumatic memories has not been fully characterized despite its potential as a therapeutic target for acquired posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The predator stress paradigm allows us to determine whether glucocorticoids mediate the extinction of both context-dependent and context-independent fear memories.Methods
Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to a predator (cat) then repeatedly exposed to the predator stress context in the absence of the cat. Context-dependent (associative) fear memory was assessed as suppression of activity during re-exposure to the predator stress context without the cat (extinction trials). Context-independent fear (non-associative) was assessed seven days after extinction trials using measures of hyperarousal and anxiety-like behaviours in environments unlike the predator stress context. To assess the role of glucocorticoids, mice were injected with metyrapone (50 mg/kg) 90 min prior to extinction trials in predator stressed mice and context-dependent and context-independent fear memories were assessed. Finally, metyrapone-treated predator stressed mice were injected with corticosterone (5 or 10 mg/kg) immediately following extinction trials and context-dependent and context-independent fear memories were assessed.Results
Repeated re-exposure to the predator stress context without the cat present extinguished context-dependent fear memory, and also reduced hyperarousal, a generalized, chronic PTSD-like symptom. We show that extinction of context-independent predator stress-induced hyperarousal is dependent on endogenous glucocorticoids during the extinction trials. Furthermore, the inhibition of extinction by metyrapone on startle amplitude was reduced by exogenous administration of corticosterone following extinction trials. Overall, these data implicate glucocorticoids in the extinction of hyperarousal, a core symptom of PTSD. 相似文献8.
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The semantics and ontology of dispositions 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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A new measure has been developed to assess depressive symptoms, the Beck Depression Inventory for Youth (BDI-Y; J. S. Beck, A. T. Beck, & J. B. Jolly, 2001). This research extends previous validation research of BDI-Y total scores by examining internal consistency and convergent and predictive validity within a school-based sample (n=859) of girls 9-13 years old by age level and for selected races or ethnic groups. Scores had high internal consistency, and there was support for using the BDI-Y to assess depressive symptoms. Reliability was slightly lower for 9-year-olds, but reliability and validity estimates did not differ by race or ethnic group. Finally, confirmatory factor analysis results provide some support for unidimensionality of scores but also point toward possible refinements. 相似文献