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Previous studies have demonstrated that emotions are automatically processed. Even with subliminal presentations, subjects
involuntarily mimic specific facial expressions, are influenced by the valence of a preceding emotion during judgments, and
exhibit slowed responses to personally meaningful emotions; these effects are due to reflexive mimicry, unconscious carryover
of valence, and attentional capture, respectively. However, perception-action effects indicate that rapid processing should
involve deep, semantic-level representations of emotion (e.g., “fear”), even in the absence of a clinical emotion disorder.
To test this hypothesis, we developed an emotional Stroop task (Emostroop) in which subjects responded nonverbally to emotion
words superimposed over task-irrelevant images of faces displaying congruent or incongruent emotional expressions. Subjects
reliably responded more slowly to incongruent than to congruent stimuli, and this interference was related to trait measures
of emotionality. Rapid processing of facial emotions spontaneously activates semantic, content-rich representations at the
level of the specific emotion. 相似文献
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