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This cross-sectional study, involving conveniently chosen respondents in the Klang Valley area, was designed to answer the
question “Can EQ-5D be used as a QOL instrument in the National Health Morbidity Survey in Malaysia?”. The chosen versions
(Malay, Tamil, and Mandarin) of the translated EQ-5D were tested for their reliability and validity. After a written consent
was obtained from each respondent, a standardized questionnaire for self-completion was given. It took an average of 10–15 min
to complete the questionnaire. Each respondent who returned the completed questionnaire was approached again with an identical
copy of the questionnaire to assess the test-retest reliability after a 2-week interval. Reliability was assessed by analyzing
the study instrument’s test-retest reliability, while a predictive validity was used to investigate the predictive strength
of a composite index of the five factors of EQ-5D (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression)
on the overall perceived health (EQ VAS). An intraclass correlation (ICC), generated based on a single rate using the one
way analysis of variance (ANOVA) model, was used to evaluate the test-retest reliability (Streiner and Norman 1995), while spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to quantify the predictive strength of a composite index of the five
factors of EQ-5D on the overall perceived health (EQ VAS) (Elmes et al. 2006). It was surprising to note 1–2 folds increase in the reported cases for pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression, the same
trend was observed across different versions of EQ-5D. The ICC values were found to be in the range of <0.01 to 0.92, while
0.61–0.86 were the range for the spearman rank correlation coefficient value. The findings in this study demonstrated the
EQ-5D questionnaires translated by the EuroQOL Group had reasonable test-retest reliability and predictive validity results.
With these results, it is hoped that these instruments will be incorporated into future National Health Morbidity Survey in
Malaysia. 相似文献
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Patricia J. Deldin Shanthi K. Naidu Avgusta Y. Shestyuk Brooks R. Casas 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(5):1002-1020
This study examined differential impact of the valence and arousal characteristics of stimuli on memory biases and brain activity in major depressive disorder (MDD) and non-depressed control participants. P300 and slow wave (SW) components of the event-related brain potential (ERP) were recorded in 18 MDD and 18 control individuals during the encoding of positive and negative, high and low arousal words in a free recall task. Control participants demonstrated expected enhanced memory for positive stimuli that was accompanied by a corresponding increase in SW ERP components. These effects were not seen in the MDD participants. Rather, memory biases for negative information in MDD were only observed for low arousal words and were not reflected in ERP amplitudes. This study suggests that the inconsistency in the MDD memory bias literature may be related to the arousing nature of the stimuli incorporated in the study. 相似文献
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