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Schopler J Insko CA Wieselquist J Pemberton M Witcher B Kozar R Roddenberry C Wildschut T 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2001,80(4):632-644
The related goals of the research were to delineate the domain of discontinuity, 1st by demonstrating its occurrence in a nonmatrix situation and, 2nd, by establishing the antecedent outcome conditions necessary for producing a discontinuity effect. The 1st goal was met by designing a mixed motive situation involving the production of origami products. Under these conditions, the magnitude of the discontinuity effect did not significantly differ from that in a matrix-only condition. The 2nd goal was met by a separate experiment that used H. H. Kelley and J. W. Thibaut's (1978) analysis of degree of noncorrespondence of outcomes. This experiment demonstrated that as noncorrespondence increased, so did the rate of competitive responding by groups but not by individuals. This pattern was qualified by an interaction with gender such that competitiveness was more markedly affected by noncorrespondence for groups of women than for groups of men. 相似文献
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Renk Kimberly Roberts Rex Roddenberry Angela Luick Mary Hillhouse Sarah Meehan Cricket Oliveros Arazais Phares Vicky 《Sex roles》2003,48(7-8):305-315
To examine the relationships among the sex of the parent, gender role, and the time parents spend with their children, 272 parents completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, a questionnaire about the time spent with their children, and a demographics questionnaire. Analyses indicated that neither the sex of the parent nor gender role was predictive of the amount of time parents were spending in direct interaction with or being accessible to their children. The sex of the parent, qualified by earning status, was predictive of the level of responsibility parents had for child-related activities. Further, the sex of the parent, qualified by femininity, was predictive of parental satisfaction with level of child-related responsibilities. These results emphasize the importance of examining parental characteristics in relation to the time parents spend with their children and their levels of responsibility for child-related activities. 相似文献
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Many previous studies of object recognition have found view-dependent recognition performance when view changes are produced by rotating objects relative to a stationary viewing position. However, the assumption that an object rotation is equivalent to an observer viewpoint change ignores the potential contribution of extraretinal information that accompanies observer movement. In four experiments, we investigated the role of extraretinal information on real-world object recognition. As in previous studies focusing on the recognition of spatial layouts across view changes, observers performed better in an old/new object recognition task when view changes were caused by viewer movement than when they were caused by object rotation. This difference between viewpoint and orientation changes was due not to the visual background, but to the extraretinal information available during real observer movements. Models of object recognition need to consider other information available to an observer in addition to the retinal projection in order to fully understand object recognition in the real world. 相似文献
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As advancements in the treatment of childhood cancer have resulted in increasing survival rates, the psychosocial functioning
of child patients has become an increasingly important issue. In this pilot study, we investigate the relationships among
parents’ characteristics, children’s characteristics, and the quality of life experienced by children who are diagnosed with
cancer. Forty-seven mothers, sixteen fathers, and nineteen children completed measures about their own psychological functioning
as well as measures about the children’s quality of life. Mothers’ ratings of their children’s quality of life were correlated
positively with the ratings provided by both fathers and the children themselves. In addition, significant relationships were
found between mothers’ depression and parenting stress and children’s quality of life as well as between mothers’ and fathers’
anxiety and children’s quality of life. Finally, using regression analyses, mothers’, fathers’, and children’s ratings of
their own characteristics predicted significantly their ratings of the children’s quality of life. The importance of examining
the psychological characteristics of family members when assessing the quality of life of children who are diagnosed with
cancer is discussed. 相似文献
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