Impacts on children of a policy to promote employment and reduce poverty for low-income parents: new hope after 5 years

The impacts of New Hope, a program to increase parent employment and reduce poverty, were measured 5 years after parents were randomly assigned to program or control groups. New Hope had positive effects on children's school achievement, motivation, and social behavior, primarily for boys, across the age range 6-16. In comparison to impacts measured 2 years after program onset, effects on achievement were robust, but effects on social behavior were reduced. The program produced improvements in family income and use of organized child care and activity settings, suggesting possible pathways by which the New Hope package of policies influenced children's behavior.     

Steroid Regulation of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)

The present review is dedicated to the work of B.S. Mc Ewen on the regulatory effects of steroid hormones on peptidergic neurotransmission in the brain and pituitary. The focus is on the discoveries encompassing almost two decades of work on the central and neuroendocrine regulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) by both corticosteroids and estrogens.