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Reeb-Sutherland BC Fifer WP Byrd DL Hammock EA Levitt P Fox NA 《Developmental science》2011,14(5):1134-1141
Although infants display preferences for social stimuli early in their lives, we know relatively little about the mechanisms of infant learning about the social world. In the current set of studies, 1-month-old infants underwent an adapted eyeblink conditioning paradigm to examine learning to both 'social' and non-social cues. While infants were asleep, they were presented with either a 'social' stimulus (a female voice) or one of two non-social stimuli (tone or backward voice) followed by an airpuff presented to the eyelid. Infants in the experimental groups displayed increased learning across trials, regardless of stimulus type. However, infants conditioned to the 'social' stimulus showed increased learning compared to infants conditioned to either of the non-social stimuli. These results suggest a mechanism by which learning about the social world occurs early in life and the power of ecologically valid cues in facilitating that learning. 相似文献
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Degnan KA Hane AA Henderson HA Moas OL Reeb-Sutherland BC Fox NA 《Developmental psychology》2011,47(3):765-780
The goals of the current study were to investigate the stability of temperamental exuberance across infancy and toddlerhood and to examine the associations between exuberance and social-emotional outcomes in early childhood. The sample consisted of 291 4-month-olds followed at 9, 24, and 36 months and again at 5 years of age. Behavioral measures of exuberance were collected at 9, 24, and 36 months. At 36 months, frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry was assessed. At 5 years, maternal reports of temperament and behavior problems were collected, as were observational measures of social behavior during an interaction with an unfamiliar peer in the laboratory. Latent profile analysis revealed a high, stable exuberance profile that was associated with greater ratings of 5-year externalizing behavior and surgency, as well as observed disruptive behavior and social competence with unfamiliar peers. These associations were particularly true for children who displayed left frontal EEG asymmetry. Multiple factors supported an approach bias for exuberant temperament but did not differentiate between adaptive and maladaptive social-emotional outcomes at 5 years of age. 相似文献
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Bethany C. Reeb-Sutherland Lela Rankin Williams Kathryn A. Degnan Koraly Pérez-Edgar Andrea Chronis-Tuscano Ellen Leibenluft 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(2):372-382
The current study examined differences in emotion expression identification between adolescents characterised with behavioural inhibition (BI) in childhood with and without a lifetime history of anxiety disorder. Participants were originally assessed for BI during toddlerhood and for social reticence during childhood. During adolescence, participants returned to the laboratory and completed a facial emotion identification task and a clinical psychiatric interview. Results revealed that behaviorally inhibited adolescents with a lifetime history of anxiety disorder displayed a lower threshold for identifying fear relative to anger emotion expressions compared to non-anxious behaviorally inhibited adolescents and non-inhibited adolescents with or without anxiety. These findings were specific to behaviorally inhibited adolescents with a lifetime history of social anxiety disorder. Thus, adolescents with a history of both BI and anxiety, specifically social anxiety, are more likely to differ from other adolescents in their identification of fearful facial expressions. This offers further evidence that perturbations in the processing of emotional stimuli may underlie the aetiology of anxiety disorders. 相似文献
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Pérez-Edgar K Reeb-Sutherland BC McDermott JM White LK Henderson HA Degnan KA Hane AA Pine DS Fox NA 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(6):885-895
Behaviorally inhibited children display a temperamental profile characterized by social withdrawal and anxious behaviors.
Previous research, focused largely on adolescents, suggests that attention biases to threat may sustain high levels of behavioral
inhibition (BI) over time, helping link early temperament to social outcomes. However, no prior studies examine the association
between attention bias and BI before adolescence. The current study examined the interrelations among BI, attention biases
to threat, and social withdrawal already manifest in early childhood. Children (N = 187, 83 Male, M
age
= 61.96 months) were characterized for BI in toddlerhood (24 & 36 months). At 5 years, they completed an attention bias task
and concurrent social withdrawal was measured. As expected, BI in toddlerhood predicted high levels of social withdrawal in
early childhood. However, this relation was moderated by attention bias. The BI-withdrawal association was only evident for
children who displayed an attention bias toward threat. The data provide further support for models associating attention
with socioemotional development and the later emergence of clinical anxiety. 相似文献
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