The interactional perspective of pain behaviour in marriage

An attempt has been made in this paper to broaden the theoretical base of behavioural perspective of pain behaviour by incorporating the interactional dimension. A behavioural-interactional approach explains the functions of pain with greater clarity in the context of a marital dyad than does the behavioural approach. A distinction is made between learned pain behaviour and investment in maintaining pain behaviour. It is argued that when the patient and the spouse demonstrate an investment in maintaining pain behaviours, marital therapy is untenable. Case illustrations demonstrate the effects of learned and invested pain behaviours, on assessment and treatment.     

Building Trust in Business Schools Through Ethical Governance

This paper presents conceptual arguments to suggest that trust within organizations and trustworthiness of organizations are built through ethical governance mechanisms. We ground our analysis of trust, trustworthiness, and stewardship in the business literature and provide the context of business school governance as the focus of our paper. We present a framework that highlights the importance of knowledge, resources, performance focus, transparency, authentic caring, social capital and citizenship expectations in creating a basis for the ethical governance of organizations. A version of this paper was presented at the European Academy of Management, 2005.     

Chronic pain and “effective” family functioning: A re-examination of the McMaster Model of Family Functioning

This paper attempts to explore the relevance and applicability of the McMaster Model of Family Functioning. It is suggested that what is construed as effective family functioning by the McMaster Model may not be feasible and different standards are needed to determine optimal level of functioning in families with a chronically sick member.     

‘Psychosomatic families’: Henry B. Richardson remembered*

Henry B. Richardson's work is reassessed. It is argued that he demonstrated an understanding of the role of family factors in the etiology and perpetuation of psychosomatic disorders which was well ahead of his time. On the other hand, his contribution has largely been ignored by contemporary family theorists. This paper is an attempt to rectify that oversight.     

“I have a headache tonight”: Function of pain in marriage

This paper explores, primarily through literature review and case illustrations, the function of pain in marriage. The fact that pain is analogically used is evident in the title of this paper. Clinical exploration of this important phenomenon reveals a wide variety of meanings and purposes pain has in the context of marital relationships. These clinical observations need to be molded into testable hypotheses and subjected to systematic research. Despite the obvious lack of research, marital therapy based on an understanding of the function of pain in marriage appears to have substantial merit.     

Diffuse Lewy Body Disease: Clinical,Pathological, and Neuropsychological Review

The pathophysiological etiologies and clinical presentations of neurodegenerative dementias have been found to be complex and heterogeneous. Recently, Lewy body inclusions have been identified as an etiological factor in 20–34% of autopsied dementia cases. The term diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD) is generally accepted as the diagnostic term representative of this currently under-reported and under-recognized disease. This article reviews the literature on the clinical, pathological, and neuropsychological features of this disorder. Differential diagnostic issues are discussed as well as current pharmacological treatment. Nine confirmed cases of DLBD are presented to demonstrate the various features of this disorder. The diagnostic implications of neuropsychological examination results are discussed in relation to other common dementing neurologic diseases.     

Family treatment for chronic pain: State of the art

A variety of family therapy techniques have been used to treat chronic pain. In this paper, an attempt is made to examine those familytherapy methods. It is noted that to date there is virtually a total absence of research to determine the efficacy of family therapy to treat chronic benign pain. From a clinical perspective family therapy must be offered to famiies with chronic pain patients to counteract the negative impact of chronic pain on the entire family system.     

The long‐term effects of institutional rearing,foster care intervention and disruptions in care on brain electrical activity in adolescence

Exposure to early psychosocial deprivation as a result of institutional care disrupts typical brain development. The Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP) is the first longitudinal study to investigate the neurodevelopment of institutionalized infants randomized to a foster care (FCG) intervention versus care as usual (CAUG). Here, we present findings from a follow‐up assessment of brain electrical activity as indexed by resting EEG at age 16 years. In addition, we examined the effects of disruption of foster care placement (e.g. the number of moves among foster care placements) on brain electrical activity. Resting‐state EEG was collected from 48 CAUG, 46 FCG and 48 never institutionalized (NIG) control participants. Absolute (µV²) and relative (proportion) power were computed from eyes closed, resting EEG data for theta, alpha and beta frequency bands. The CAUG displayed higher relative theta and lower relative alpha power compared to the FCG at 16 years of age. The FCG showed brain activity comparable to the NIG. The results further showed that disruptions following the original foster care placement had an adverse effect on brain electrical activity. Within the foster care group, there were no effects of age of placement on EEG power. Placement of children who have experienced early institutional rearing into stable foster care settings ensure long‐term improvement in brain functioning.