Some correlates of women's Self-Image and Stereotypes of Femininity

An expanded version of the Gordon Self-Image and Stereotypes of Femininity scale was administered to a sample of 362 female nursing personnel. Factor structure of the scale was found to closely approximate that of the Gordon sample. Numerous significant relationships of self-image dimensions to affective responses, experienced role stresses, demographic measures, and personality indices were isolated. However, perceptions of males' image, doctors' image, and own image of a feminine woman were generally unrelated to these measures. Further, examination of discrepancies between self-image dimensions and self and others' stereotypes of a feminine woman along these dimensions did not aid in explaining variance in affective responses or experienced role stresses. Implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions for future research are presented.     

Author Index

Authors Index

Author Index     

Validation of Catalan version of BRIEF-P

The BRIEF-P is one of the most used instruments to measure Executive Function (EF). This report is aimed at showing the psychometric properties of the Catalan version of it. To do this, a random cluster sampling was carried out in Osona (Catalonia), recruiting 417 teachers and 408 parents of children aged 3 to 6 years. As with the original instrument, results show that reliability is excellent and that girls have a better EF than boys in the following areas: Working Memory, Plan/Organize, and Inhibit. Since in some areas Catalonia's preschool children show EF values slightly better than those of the reference sample, a new scale for using it in this population is provided.     

Reduction and the Neighbourhood of Theories: A New Approach to the Intertheoretic Relations in Physics

This paper proposes a classification of the intertheoretic relations in physics by bringing out the conditions for a relation of reduction which is eliminative, so that a theory reduced in terms of reductionism is superfluous in principle, and by distinguishing such a relation from another one based on comparison, which will be called neighbourhood of theories; the latter is a neighbouring relation between theories and is not able to support claims of eliminative reductionism. In the first part, it will be argued that this differentiation between neighbourhood and eliminative reduction permits an adequate classification of the intertheoretic relations in physics. By means of this differentiation, the second part discusses reductionism and shows that there are indeed some historical examples of reduction in the aforementioned sense, but that modern physical theories are typically only neighbouring.     

Can a Flow-Network Approach Shed Light on Children's Problem Solving?

A complete theory of human behavior must capture both the apparent randomness of behavior (its strong context dependence) as well as its stability (a surprising resistance to changes in behavior despite salient changes in the context). Recent efforts in cognitive science have made important discoveries toward such a theory, emphasizing the idea that skilled behavior seeks to balance overregular tendencies with tendencies that are overrandom. The hallmark of these efforts is the idea of self-organized criticality, the state of a system poised toward maximally adaptive behavior, characterized by pink-noise pattern of variability. In this article, we expand these efforts, looking for a new measure to capture the balance between order and disorder, one that can be applied to small data sets of categorical performance. The proposed measure borrows ideas from information theory, previously applied to the stability of energy flow in an ecosystem. Using published data on a problem-solving task with preschoolers, we describe ways in which this measure could be applied. Results are promising, opening the possibility for studying the trade-off between randomness and stability in children's reasoning.     

Time error in lifted weights as affected by presentation order and judgment mode

In the method of constant stimulus differences, results obtained under two presentation orders (standard first and standard second) are commonly combined to eliminate time error. The present study shows that this technique is not adequate for controlling time error as the presentation orders have differential effects upon PSE. Using a two-handed technique, 96 subjects judged lifted weights on the comparative rating scale. The subjects lifted the standard before, with, or after the variable stimulus. They also either judged the standard in terms of the variable or the variable in terms of the standard (mode of judgment). Judgment mode, a previously uninvestigated confounding variable of presentation order was not an important factor in influencing the value of the PSE.     

Application of GIS and multicriteria evaluation in locating sustainable boundary between the tunari National Park and Cochabamba City (Bolivia)

Increased population growth and urbanization, has caused increase in demand for land around the city of Cochabamba, which has led to encroachment into the National Park and the construction of illegal settlements. This has created a number of problems, some of which are the direct consequences of the new settlements in the ‘Tunari’ foothills. These settlements constitute a threat to the environment and people because of their location in flood risk and aquifer recharge areas. In response to this problem the city authorities are considering relocating the boundary between the National Park and the city. This study has focused on the design and evaluation of alternative locations for a sustainable boundary between the north of ‘Cochabamba City’ and the southern boundary of the ‘Tunari National Park’. In this process, a rational and systematic approach of collaborative‐decision‐making, supported by geographical information systems (GIS) and multicriteria evaluation (MCE) has been employed and evaluated. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Towards a ‘manifesto’ for super‐recognizer research

This article provides a response to five excellent commentaries on our article ‘Super‐recognizers: From the lab to the world and back again’. Specifically, the response summarizes commonalities between these commentaries. Based on this consensus, we propose a flexible framework for the assessment of superior face recognition and outline guiding principles to advance future work in the field.