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Malthus's Essay on Population: the facts of "super-growth" and the rhetoric of scientific persuasion
S Rashid 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》1987,23(1):22-36
For the Malthusian theory of population to be accepted as "scientific," it was essential that the theory be established on wide empirical evidence. A close examination of the "facts" provided by Malthus, however, shows that many of his crucial facts are based on distortions of the available evidence. Malthus was probably aware of much of this weakness, but for rhetorical reasons he persisted with the sandy empirical foundations from which he began. 相似文献
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A general solution for weighted orthonormal Procrustes problem is offered in terms of the least squares criterion. For the two-demensional case. this solution always gives the global minimum; for the general case, an algorithm is proposed that must converge, although not necessarily to the global minimum. In general, the algorithm yields a solution for the problem of how to fit one matrix to another under the condition that the dimensions of the latter matrix first are allowed to be transformed orthonormally and then weighted differentially, which is the task encountered in fitting analogues of the IDIOSCAL and INDSCAL models to a set of configurations.The authors are grateful to the Editor and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. 相似文献
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Abós Ángel Sevil-Serrano Javier Montero-Marín Jesus Julián José Antonio García-González Luis 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2021,40(8):3809-3826
Current Psychology - Based on Farber’s burnout proposal, the first aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the short version of the Burnout Clinical Subtype... 相似文献
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Thompson MP Kaslow NJ Kingree JB Rashid A Puett R Jacobs D Matthews A 《American journal of community psychology》2000,28(1):127-143
This study examined the role of social support in the partner violence–psychological distress relation in a sample of African American women seeking medical care at a large, urban hospital (n = 138). Results from bivariate correlational analyses revealed that partner violence was related to lower perceived social support and greater psychological distress, and lower social support was related to more distress. Furthermore, findings based on path analysis indicated that low levels of social support helped account for battered women's increased distress. Findings point to the need for service providers to screen for partner violence in nontraditional sites, such as hospital emergency rooms, and to address the role of social support resources in preventive interventions with African American battered women. 相似文献
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Janet Sigal Margaret S. Gibbs Carl Goodrich Tayyab Rashid Afroze Anjum Daniel Hsu Carrol S. Perrino Hale Bolak Boratav Aggie Carson-Arenas Berna van Baarsen Joop van der Pligt Wei-Kang Pan 《Sex roles》2005,52(3-4):201-215
Male and female university students from the United States, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Ecuador, Pakistan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Turkey read a standardized scenario in which a male professor was accused of sexually harassing a female graduate student. Respondents from individualist countries judged the professor to be guilty of sexual harassment more often than did those from collectivist countries. Women rendered significantly more guilty judgments and assigned more severe punishments to the accused professor than did men. Implications for the individualist–collectivist classification system and cross-cultural research are discussed. 相似文献
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Tayyab Rashid 《The journal of positive psychology》2015,10(1):25-40
Positive psychotherapy (PPT) is a therapeutic approach broadly based on the principles of positive psychology. Rooted in Chris Peterson’s groundbreaking work on character strengths, PPT integrates symptoms with strengths, resources with risks, weaknesses with values, and hopes with regrets in order to understand the inherent complexities of human experiences in a way that is more balanced than the traditional deficit-oriented approach to psychotherapy. This paper makes the case of an alternative approach to psychotherapy that pays equal attention and effort to negatives and positives. It discusses PPT’s assumptions and describes in detail how PPT exercises work in clinical settings. The paper summarizes results of pilot studies using this approach, discusses caveats in conducting PPT, and suggests potential directions. 相似文献
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Jaffari-Bimmel N Juffer F van Ijzendoorn MH Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ Mooijaart A 《Developmental psychology》2006,42(6):1143-1153
In the present longitudinal study, early adopted children (N = 160) were followed from infancy to adolescence to assess the influence of previous and concurrent factors on the children's social development. This study allowed for more conclusive evidence of the influence of early and concurrent rearing experiences and temperament on adolescents' social development, independent of shared genetic factors between children and parents. Results showed that social development and temperament were stable over time and that both previous and current parental sensitivity were important in predicting social development in adolescence. Quality of the early parent-child relationship was indirectly associated with social development in adolescence through the influence on social development in middle childhood. Maternal sensitivity in middle childhood and in adolescence partly buffered the negative effects of difficult temperament on social development in adolescence. Adaptation emerged as the product of both developmental history and current circumstances. 相似文献
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