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Jesse Dallery Lesleigh Stinson Hypatia Bolívar Franois Modave Ramzi G. Salloum Tonatiuh Mendoza Viramontes Pulkit Rohilla 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2021,54(1):38-53
Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death and illness in the United States. We tested the usability, acceptability, and efficacy of a smartphone‐based contingency management treatment to promote cessation. We used a nonconcurrent multiple‐baseline design. Participants (N = 14) provided breath carbon monoxide (CO) samples by using a CO meter that was connected to the user's smartphone. An app (mMotiv8) housed on participants' smartphones automatically captured pictures of the CO sampling procedure to validate the end user's identity, and it prompted submissions via a push message delivered to participants' smartphones. Participants earned a $10 incentive for daily abstinence, which was added to a reloadable debit card. Overall, 4% of the CO samples were negative during baseline, and 89% were negative during treatment. Self‐reported usability and acceptability were high, and 85% of the prompted samples were submitted. A smartphone intervention could be scalable and reduce the health consequences and costs associated with cigarette smoking, particularly in rural and low‐income populations. 相似文献
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Pulkit Sharma 《Psychological studies》2011,56(3):304-310
The role played by socio-cultural factors in psychoanalytic psychotherapy from the vantage point of both the client and the
therapist is elucidated. The position conferred upon culture throughout the history of psychoanalysis from classical to contemporary
perspectives is briefly reviewed with special reference to the practice of psychoanalysis in India. A case study having relevance
to the present theme is discussed where ignorance of factors salient to Indian culture adversely affected the outcome. Attention
is given to internal and external pressures that prompted the therapist to take the stand. It is argued that the therapist
may tread the difficult path between cultural universalism and cultural relativism rather than committing to either of them
in order to do justice to psychoanalytical clinical work. 相似文献
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The present study compared the use of defense mechanisms in ten bipolar manic, ten bipolar depressed and ten unipolar depressed
patients. The defense mechanisms were assessed by two methods: TAT stories scored by Defense Mechanism Manual and Defense
Mechanism Rating Scale ratings of psychodynamic interviews. The severity of symptoms was assessed by Beck Depression Inventory
for depressed patients and Young’s Manic Rating Scale for manic patients. Both bipolar manic and depressed groups used the
defense mechanism of denial, borderline level defenses and immature defenses significantly more than the unipolar depression
group. The manic group showed greater dependence on narcissistic level defenses as compared to the other two groups. Positive
relationships were found between severity of manic symptoms and the defense mechanisms of denial as well as the narcissistic
level defenses. The bipolar depression group also used more action level defenses as compared to the unipolar depression group.
The unipolar depression group scored higher on the defense mechanism of identification and adaptive level defenses as compared
to the manic group. A negative correlation was found between the severity of depressive symptoms for unipolar depression group
and the defense mechanism of identification. The neurotic level defenses were used most frequently by unipolar depression
group, followed by the bipolar depression group and manic group. Some of these findings are in consonance with the psychoanalytic
understanding of mania and depression. 相似文献
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Kamlesh Singh Pulkit Khanna Meenakshi Khosla Mounica Rapelly Akarsh Soni 《Journal of religion and health》2018,57(4):1392-1401
Sat-Chit-Ananda is an indigenous construct that refers to absolute bliss and consciousness. The present study aimed to strengthen the psychometric properties of the newly developed Sat-Chit-Ananda scale (Singh et al. in Int J Vedic Found Manag 1(2):54–74, 2014). A total of 398 students aged 17–36 years (mean age = 21.33 years, SD = 2.2, 70% males) participated in this study. An exploratory as well as confirmatory factor analysis was computed for the 17-item scale. Its’ concurrent validity was established by assessing its correlation with other well-being measures, namely Flourishing (Diener et al. in Soc Indic Res 97:143–156 2010) and Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (Diener et al. 2010). Satisfactory results were obtained from both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Sat-Chit-Ananda and its factors were found to be significantly positively correlated with Flourishing and Positive Experiences and were negatively correlated with Negative Experiences. Thus, the validity of the Sat-Chit-Ananda (Singh et al. 2014) scale stands further substantiated—offering this scale as a promising new assessment tool. 相似文献
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Andrew Gelman Cosma Rohilla Shalizi 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2013,66(1):8-38
A substantial school in the philosophy of science identifies Bayesian inference with inductive inference and even rationality as such, and seems to be strengthened by the rise and practical success of Bayesian statistics. We argue that the most successful forms of Bayesian statistics do not actually support that particular philosophy but rather accord much better with sophisticated forms of hypothetico‐deductivism. We examine the actual role played by prior distributions in Bayesian models, and the crucial aspects of model checking and model revision, which fall outside the scope of Bayesian confirmation theory. We draw on the literature on the consistency of Bayesian updating and also on our experience of applied work in social science. Clarity about these matters should benefit not just philosophy of science, but also statistical practice. At best, the inductivist view has encouraged researchers to fit and compare models without checking them; at worst, theorists have actively discouraged practitioners from performing model checking because it does not fit into their framework. 相似文献
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