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Since the validity of Bell's inequalities implies the existence of joint probabilities for non-commuting observables, there is no universal consensus as to what the violation of these inequalities signifies. While the majority view is that the violation teaches us an important lesson about the possibility of explanations, if not about metaphysical issues, there is also a minimalist position claiming that the violation is to be expected from simple facts about probability theory. This minimalist position is backed by theorems due to A. Fine and I. Pitowsky.Our paper shows that the minimalist position cannot be sustained. To this end,we give a formally rigorous interpretation of joint probabilities in thecombined modal and spatiotemporal framework of `stochastic outcomes inbranching space-time' (SOBST) (Kowalski and Placek, 1999; Placek, 2000). We show in this framework that the claim that there can be no joint probabilities fornon-commuting observables is incorrect. The lesson from Fine's theorem is notthat Bell's inequalities will be violated anyhow, but that an adequate modelfor the Bell/Aspect experiment must not define global joint probabilities. Thus we investigate the class of stochastic hidden variable models, whichprima facie do not define such joint probabilities. The reasonwhy these models fail supports the majority view: Bell's inequalities are notjust a mathematical artifact. 相似文献
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Tomasz Placek 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2011,40(6):737-765
The paper puts forward a theory of historical modalities that is framed in terms of possible continuations rather than possible worlds or histories. The proposal is tested as a semantic theory for a language with historical modalities, tenses, and indexicals. 相似文献
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The paper defends an Aristotelian notion of indeterminism, as rigorously formulated in the framework of branching space-times (BST) of Belnap (1992), against criticism by Earman??s (2008) based on a model-theoretic characterization of indeterminism. It delineates BST branching against the background provided by Earman??s (2008) distinction between individual versus ensemble branching. Partly in order to motivate our responses to Earman, it describes a construction of physically motivated BST models, in which histories are isomorphic to Minkowski spacetime. Finally it responds to Earman??s criticisms leveled against BST by addressing a topological issue, the question of an actual future, the past/future asymmetry, and some semantical questions. 相似文献
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We show that truth conditions for counterfactuals need not always be given in terms of a vague notion of similarity. To this
end, we single out the important class of historical counterfactuals and give formally rigorous truth conditions for these counterfactuals, employing a partial ordering relation called “comparative
closeness” that is defined in the framework of branching space-times. Among other applications, we provide a detailed analysis
of counterfactuals uttered in the context of lost bets. In an appendix we compare our theory with the branching space-times
based reading of counterfactuals recently proposed by Belnap. 相似文献
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The paper investigates, in the framework of branching space–times, whether an infinite EPR-like correlation which does not
involve finite EPR-like correlations is possible.
The authors read earlier versions of this paper at the seminar ‘Chaos and Quantum Information’ at the Jagiellonian University
in Kraków on April 16, 2007 and at the seminar ‘On Determinism’ at the University of Bonn on April 20, 2007. 相似文献
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Synthese - The paper describes two approaches to determinism: one focuses on the features of global objects, such as possible worlds or models of a theory, whereas the other’s concern is the... 相似文献
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Tomasz Placek 《Synthese》2012,188(1):23-39
Against the background of the theory of branching space-times (BST), the paper sketches a concept of individuals. It discusses Kripkean modal intuitions concerning individuation, and, finally it addresses Lewis??s objections to branching individuals. 相似文献
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