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Pierrick Bourrat 《Ratio》2015,28(1):40-50
In this paper I argue against the claim, recently put forward by some philosophers of biology and evolutionary biologists, that there can be two or more ontologically distinct levels of selection. I show by comparing the fitness of individuals with that of collectives of individuals in the same environment and over the same period of time – as required to decide if one or more levels of selection is acting in a population – that the selection of collectives is a by‐product of selection at the individual level; thus, talking about two or more levels of selection represents merely a different perspective on one and the same process. 1 相似文献
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In this critical notice to Robert Wright’s The Evolution of God, we focus on the question of whether Wright’s God is one which
can be said to be an adaptation in a well defined sense. Thus we evaluate the likelihood of different models of adaptive evolution
of cultural ideas in their different levels of selection. Our result is an emphasis on the plurality of mechanisms that may
lead to adaptation. By way of conclusion we assess epistemologically some of Wright’s more controversial claims concerning
the directionality of evolution and moral progress. 相似文献
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