排序方式: 共有34条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Marcinkowska Anna B. Mankowska Natalia D. Kot Jacek Winklewski Pawel J. 《Neuropsychology review》2022,32(1):99-126
Neuropsychology Review - Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a modality of treatment in which patients inhale 100% oxygen inside a hyperbaric chamber pressurised to greater than 1... 相似文献
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Pawel Kapusta 《国际科学哲学研究》2010,24(4):443-446
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Bernd Simon Pawel Mlicki Lucy Johnston Antonio Caetano Miroslaw Warowicki Ad Van Knippenberg Richard Deridder 《European journal of social psychology》1990,20(6):519-523
An experiment (n = 61) investigated the effects of ingroup and outgroup homogeneity on ingroup favouritism, stereotyping and the overestimation of relative ingroup size. As predicted, outgroup homogeneity was conducive to ingroup favouritism. Ingroup homogeneity, however, failed to influence ingroup favouritism. Also unexpectedly, asymmetry in group homogeneity — irrespective of whether the ingroup or the outgroup was the more homogeneous group — led to pronounced stereotyping of both groups and to the overestimation of relative ingroup size. 相似文献
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A new machine learning approach known as motivated learning (ML) is presented in this work. Motivated learning drives a machine to develop abstract motivations and choose its own goals. ML also provides a self-organizing system that controls a machine’s behavior based on competition between dynamically-changing pain signals. This provides an interplay of externally driven and internally generated control signals. It is demonstrated that ML not only yields a more sophisticated learning mechanism and system of values than reinforcement learning (RL), but is also more efficient in learning complex relations and delivers better performance than RL in dynamically-changing environments. In addition, this paper shows the basic neural network structures used to create abstract motivations, higher level goals, and subgoals. Finally, simulation results show comparisons between ML and RL in environments of gradually increasing sophistication and levels of difficulty. 相似文献
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Fudalej S Ilgen M Fudalej M Kostrzewa G Barry K Wojnar M Krajewski P Blow F Ploski R 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2010,40(6):553-560
The association between suicide and a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1386483) was examined in the recently identified tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) gene. Blood samples of 143 suicide victims and 162 age- and sex-matched controls were examined. The frequency of the TT genotype in the TPH2 polymorphism was higher in suicide victims than in controls (17.5% vs. 8.6%; p = 0.02), particularly in those with a history of repeated suicide attempts (53.3% vs. 8.6%; p < 0.0001). The examined TPH2 polymorphism was found to be associated with suicide. This genetic marker may be particularly important in understanding risk of multiple suicide attempts. Further analyses are needed to confirm these results. 相似文献
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Pawel Lewicki 《European journal of social psychology》1984,14(2):183-190
The early social experiences of firstborn, laterborn, and only children were analyzed from the viewpoint of how those experiences influence the child's general image of human nature. It was hypothesized that there are some differences in the centrality of an evaluative dimension, that are related to birth order. Subjects in Poland and in the United States rated 20 known stimulus persons on 25 trait dimensions. The results supported the hypotheses and seem to point to some origins of individual differences in certain person perception processes. 相似文献
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Gauthier I Curby KM Skudlarski P Epstein RA 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2005,5(2):222-234
The brain processes images at different spatial scales, but it is unclear how far into the visual stream different scales
remain segregated. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found evidence that BOLD activity in the fusiform face
area (FFA) reflects computations based on separate spatial frequency inputs. When subjects perform different tasks (attend
location vs. identity; attend whole vs. parts) or the same task with different stimuli (upright or inverted) with high- and
low-pass images of cars and faces, individual differences in the FFA in one condition are correlated with those in the other
condition. However, FFA activity in response to low-pass stimuli is independent of its response to highpass stimuli. These
results suggest that spatial scales are not integrated before the FFA and that processing in this area could support the flexible
use of different sources of information present in broad-pass images. 相似文献
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In the years prior to 1994, there were very high rates of inflation in Poland, and the zloty depreciated relative to the U.S. dollar. However, the new zloty, introduced in 1995, was associated with greatly decreased rates of inflation and provided a more stable currency. We report a series of three experiments that take advantage of these changes to examine the effects of inflation on the subjective value of delayed and probabilistic rewards. Subjects were Polish citizens familiar with both zlotys and dollars. The first two experiments, conducted in 1994, used dollars and old zlotys, and the third experiment, conducted in 1996, used dollars and new zlotys. In all three experiments, the dollar and zloty rewards were of equivalent worth, according to the then current exchange rates. In Experiment 1, subjects chose between immediate and delayed rewards and, in Experiment 2, chose between certain and probabilistic rewards. The subjective value of a delayed reward was greater when its amount was specified in dollars than when it was specified in old zlotys. In contrast, the currency in which a reward was specified had no effect on the subjective value of probabilistic rewards. The results of these two experiments suggest a selective effect of inflation on decisions involving delayed rewards. This was verified in the third experiment, in which, using new zlotys, no differences in discounting were observed between the two currencies with either probabilistic or delayed rewards. Importantly, in all three experiments, the discounting of both delayed and probabilistic rewards was well described by the same simple mathematical model, suggesting that similar decision-making processes underlie both phenomena. However, the present results argue against a single-process theory in which the discounting of probabilistic rewards is derived from the discounting of delayed rewards. 相似文献