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It is widely known that gaze plays an essential role in communicative interactions. Domestic dogs tend to look at the human
face in situations of conflict and uncertainty. This study compares the gaze of shelter and pet dogs during acquisition and
extinction phases in a situation involving a reward in sight but out of reach. Even though no significant differences between
the groups were recorded during acquisition, gaze duration decreased in both groups during extinction, with shelter dogs showing
a significant shorter duration. This could be related to their different living conditions and to the fact that through their
ordinary everyday interactions, pet dogs have more opportunities to learn to persist in their communicative responses when
they do not get what they want. These results highlight the relevance of learning experiences during ontogeny, which would
therefore modulate communicative responses. 相似文献
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Santiago Pellegrini Rubn N. Muzio Alba E. Mustaca Mauricio R. Papini 《Learning and motivation》2004,35(4):49-321
Rats given access to a 32% sucrose solution later reject a 4% solution significantly more than controls that have only received the 4% solution. In Experiment 1, this consummatory successive negative contrast (cSNC) effect was attenuated by previous exposure to 50% partial reinforcement. Furthermore, recovery from cSNC was also facilitated by partial reinforcement. In Experiment 2, the attenuating effects of partial reinforcement on cSNC were eliminated by administration of the benzodiazepine anxiolytic chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg) before nonreinforced trials. In Experiment 3, the attenuating effect of partial reinforcement was greater after a shift from 32 to 6% solution, than after a shift from 32 to 2% solution. The parallels between the effects of partial reinforcement on consummatory and instrumental behavior are discussed. 相似文献
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Elgier Angel M. Jakovcevic Adriana Mustaca Alba E. Bentosela Mariana 《Animal cognition》2012,15(6):1111-1119
Animal Cognition - Domestic dogs have proved to be extremely successful in finding hidden food following a series of human social cues such as pointing (an extended hand and index finger indicating... 相似文献
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