Boys Just Don’t! Gender Stereotyping and Sanctioning of Counter-Stereotypical Behavior in Preschoolers

Sex Roles - Although children start to adopt gender stereotypes by the age of three, there is less evidence about how early they start to sanction other children’s counter-stereotypical...     

Topologische aspekte strukturalistischer Rekonstruktionen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Pragmatic Narratives of Hysterectomy Among Australian Women

Drawing on a qualitative study based on in-depth interviews with 30 rural and urban Australian women, we analyze their experiences of a hysterectomy for conditions other than cancer. Women were recruited via advertisements in community newspapers and the network sampling technique. The study aimed to identify the personal, social and medical factors that influenced their decision to undergo surgery and on their understandings of self following this procedure. Three common themes emerged: a negative response to a hysterectomy, ambivalence about it and a perceiving it as having a positive impact on the woman’s self. The latter pattern predominated, indicating that contrary to the medical rhetoric, women’s own accounts are different and relevant when counseling women about a hysterectomy.     

Carnap’s logical empiricism,values, and American pragmatism

Value judgments are meaningless. This thesis was one of the notorious tenets of Carnap’s mature logical empiricism. Less well known is the fact that in the Aufbau values were considered as philosophically respectable entities that could be constituted from value experiences. About 1930, however, values and value judgments were banished to the realm of meaningless metaphysics, and Carnap came to endorse a strict emotivism. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the question why Carnap abandoned his originally positive attitude concerning values. It is argued that his non-cognitivist attitude was the symptom of a deep-rooted and never properly dissolved tension between conflicting inclinations towards Neokantianism and Lebensphilosophie. In America Carnap’s non-cognitivism became a major obstacle for a closer collaboration between logical empiricists and American pragmatists. Carnap’s persisting adherence to the dualism of practical life and theoretical science was the ultimate reason why he could not accept Morris’s and Kaplan’s pragmatist theses that cognitivism might well be compatible with a logical and empiricist scientific philosophy.     

Space curvature and repeatable properties,almost no problems with a peaceful coexistence

Book Information On Virtue Ethics. On Virtue Ethics Rosalind Hursthouse Oxford Oxford University Press 1999 ix + 275 Hardback £25 By Rosalind Hursthouse. Oxford University Press. Oxford. Pp. ix + 275. Hardback:£25,     

Structuralist reduction concepts as structure-preserving maps

The aim of this paper is to characterize the various structuralist reduction concepts as structure-preserving maps in a succinct and unifying way. To begin with, some important intuitive adequacy conditions are discussed that a good (structuralist) reduction concept should satisfy. Having reconstructed these intuitive conditions in the structuralist framework, it turns out that they divide into two mutually incompatible sets of requirements. Accordingly there exist (at least) two essentially different types of structuralist reduction concepts: the first type stresses the existence of a deductive or inferential link between the reducing and the reduced theory; the second type emphasizes the greater explanatory power the reducing theory should have in comparison with the reduced theory. The problem of the incompatibility of equally plausible reduction concepts is treated in the last section and a proposal is made for its solution consisting in the definition of a multiple synthetizing reduction relation.