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Journal of Child and Family Studies - The developmental trajectory of the anxiety-related interpretive bias (a tendency to inappropriately interpret ambiguous stimuli as threatening) and its... 相似文献
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Melania Calestani 《Applied research in quality of life》2009,4(1):47-75
This paper addresses the importance of faith and the consequent resort to supernatural forces to acquire a sense of well-being
in a poor neighbourhood in the city of El Alto, Bolivia. Religious beliefs and practices have provided an important idiom
for the expression of aspirations and the pursuit of ideals. The social role of emotions and its effect on well-being have
been widely investigated in anthropology, especially in relation to issues of solidarity, feelings of confidence, and a sense
of full personhood and empowerment (Barbalet 2001; Turner 2002; Bendelow and Williams 1997). The importance of faith is emphasised in my ethnography, showing how people’s loyalty to their notions of self-worth and
the cosmological order is essential for their sense of fulfilment and empowerment. Thus, faith principles are fundamental
to shed light on ideas of what people identify as well-being and fulfilment. My informants believe that luck can be controlled
and changed by treating the spirits better. It can be bought and acquired by asking for protection from the spiritual forces
living in the Bolivian plateau. Luck is inextricably connected with ideas of protection, destiny control and future aspirations.
Bad luck is a moment of passage that leads to good luck. However, this is not a simple process. It requires a complex involvement
of people, who carefully have to invest their time and money in changing their situation through various cultural practices
of divination and control of destiny. Unless you are a breech baby, you are not born lucky, but you become so if you invest
your resources in nourishing the forces that support the world. In exchange, these forces will assure and control an individual’s
luck, freeing him/her from evil eye and envy-major sources of ill-being. This can be achieved through a ritual performed by
a yatiri—local shaman, or other means, such as participating and dancing in a religious celebration in honour of a patron
saint or engaging in regular acts of faith. The paper is based on ethnographic research carried out in Senkata, a poor neighbourhood
in the city of El Alto, between November 2003 and November 2004. I spent 12 months in Bolivia in order to collect data for
my Phd thesis. My methodology was mainly based on participant observation, informal conversations and a few formal interviews. 相似文献
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Giulia Pecora Francesca Bellagamba Flavia Chiarotti Melania Paoletti Maria Letizia Castano Elsa Addessi 《Journal of cognition and development》2020,21(1):92-103
ABSTRACTWe aimed to longitudinally examine how symbolic distancing affects preschool children’s delay tolerance in a delay choice task. We presented children with choices between a smaller immediate reward and a larger delayed reward in conditions with either symbolic stimuli or edible rewards. Overall, symbolic distancing modulated children’s delay tolerance. In particular, whereas in the first phase (T1: 3- and 4-year-olds) children presented with edible rewards chose the larger option more often than children presented with symbolic stimuli, in the second phase (T2: 5- and 6-year-olds), there was no significant difference between children presented with symbolic stimuli and those presented with edible rewards. These results are discussed by examining how children’s delay tolerance changes during the development and comparing children to adult humans in a similar task. 相似文献
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