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1.
Miranda Talita Prado Simão Caldeira Sílvia de Oliveira Harley Francisco Iunes Denise Hollanda Nogueira Denismar Alves Chaves Erika de Cássia Lopes de Carvalho Emília Campos 《Journal of religion and health》2020,59(1):365-380
The goal of this study was to assess the effect of intercessory prayer in the psychological, spiritual and biological scores of breast cancer patients who are undergoing radiotherapy. Double-blind RCT comprising a sample of 31 participants (15 in the Control Group and 16 in the Intervention Group). Data collection was performed in three time points (T0, T1 and T2). Significant changes have been identified in the intra-group analysis, concerning the decrease in spiritual distress score; negative religious/spiritual coping prevailed, while the total religious/spiritual coping increased between the posttest T2 to T0. Intercessory prayer was effective in religious and spiritual scores.
相似文献2.
Hypochondriasis is a debilitating condition in which patients are persistently preoccupied with the possibility of being seriously ill. Its is a costly problem for the health care system whose treatment has not received systematic attention until recently. Although based on few controlled studies, results indicated that various brief cognitive-behavioral techniques produce significant changes in illness fears and attitudes. A list of therapeutic questions that require further study is presented and some indications for both therapists and patients are given. 相似文献
3.
Research that uses simple response time tasks and neuroimaging has emphasized that attentional preparation based on temporal
expectancy modulates processing at motor levels. A novel approach was taken to study whether the temporal orienting of attention
can also modulate perceptual processing. A temporal-cuing paradigm was used together with a rapid serial visual presentation
procedure, in order to maximize the processing demands of perceptual analysis. Signal detection theory was applied in order
to examine whether temporal orienting affects processes related to perceptual sensitivity or to response criterion (indexed
byďand beta measures, respectively). If temporal orienting implies perceptual preparation, we would expect to observe an increase
in perceptual sensitivity (ď) when a target appeared at expected, rather than unexpected, time intervals. Indeed, our behavioral results opened the possibility
that focusing attention on time intervals not only enhances motor processing, as has been shown by previous research, but
also might improve perceptual processing. 相似文献
4.
Soto-Faraco S Spence C Kingstone A 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2004,4(2):208-217
Behavioral studies of multisensory integration in motion perception have focused on the particular case of visual and auditory
signals. Here, we addressed a new case: audition and touch. In Experiment 1, we tested the effects of an apparent motion stream
presented in an irrelevant modality (audition or touch) on the perception of apparent motion streams in the other modality
(touch or audition, respectively). We found significant congruency effects (lower performance when the direction of motion
in the irrelevant modality was incongruent with the direction of the target) for the two possible modality combinations. This
congruency effect was asymmetrical, with tactile motion distractors having a stronger influence on auditory motion perception
than vice versa. In Experiment 2, we used auditory motion targets and tactile motion distractors while participants adopted
one of two possible postures: arms uncrossed or arms crossed. The effects of tactile motion on auditory motion judgments were
replicated in the arms-uncrossed posture, but they dissipated in the arms-crossed posture. The implications of these results
are discussed in light of current findings regarding the representation of tactile and auditory space. 相似文献
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We propose an index for assessing the degree of factor simplicity in the context of principal components and exploratory factor analysis. The new index, which is called Loading Simplicity, is based on the idea that the communality of each variable should be related to few components, or factors, so that the loadings in each variable are either zero or as far from zero as possible. This index does not depend on the scale of the factors, and its maximum and minimum are only related to the degree of simplicity in the loading matrix. The aim of the index is to enable the degree of simplicity in loading matrices to be compared.The author would like to thank the review team for their insights and recommendations. This work was supported by a grant SEC2001-3821-C05-C02 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology. 相似文献
7.
Differential effects of emotional arousal in short- and long-term memory in healthy adults 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Quevedo J Sant'Anna MK Madruga M Lovato I de-Paris F Kapczinski F Izquierdo I Cahill L 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2003,79(2):132-135
Recent studies demonstrated important differences between short- and long-term memory mechanisms. Besides, the emotional component has a crucial role in memory formation. This study was carried out to answer whether there is a differential influence of emotional arousal in short- and long-term memory in healthy adults. Thirty-one healthy volunteers were divided into two major groups. In the first group long-term memory (LTM) was evaluated, with the testing session one week after training. The second group was tested 1h after training, where short-term memory (STM) was evaluated. Each group was divided in to two subgroups. One half of the volunteers was exposed to an emotionally neutral story, and the other half of each group was exposed to a closely matched but more emotionally arousing story. The testing session consisted of a questionary containing 80 questions of multiple choices. The results were evaluated through percentage of correct answers. Results showed that correct answers were increased, in LTM measures, in the subjects that were given the emotional version of the test. In STM measures, no differences were found between the emotional and neutral version. However, the presentation of emotional story caused an emotional reaction in both groups. The lack of effect of emotional arousal in STM suggests that amygdala is not related to STM mechanisms. Further studies using different approaches are needed to elucidate if STM processes are influenced by emotional arousal. 相似文献
8.
Recent research with cotton-top tamarin monkeys has revealed language discrimination abilities similar to those found in human
infants, demonstrating that these perceptual abilities are not unique to humans but are also present in non-human primates.
Specifically, tamarins could discriminate forward but not backward sentences of Dutch from Japanese, using both natural and
synthesized utterances. The present study was designed as a conceptual replication of the work on tamarins. Results show that
rats trained in a discrimination learning task readily discriminate forward, but not backward sentences of Dutch from Japanese;
the results are particularly robust for synthetic utterances, a pattern that shows greater parallels with newborns than with
tamarins. Our results extend the claims made in the research with tamarins that the capacity to discriminate languages from
different rhythmic classes depends on general perceptual abilities that evolved at least as far back as the rodents.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
9.
Lesion of the ventral periaqueductal gray reduces conditioned fear but does not change freezing induced by stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
Vianna DM Graeff FG Landeira-Fernandez J Brandão ML 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2001,8(3):164-169
Previously-reported evidence showed that freezing to a context previously associated with footshock is impaired by lesion of the ventral periaqueductal gray (vPAG). It has also been shown that stepwise increase in the intensity of the electrical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) produces alertness, then freezing, and finally escape. These aversive responses are mimicked by microinjections of GABA receptor antagonists, such as bicuculline, or blockers of the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), such as semicarbazide, into the dPAG. In this work, we examined whether the expression of these defensive responses could be the result of activation of ventral portion of the periaqueductal gray. Sham- or vPAG electrolytic–lesioned rats were implanted with an electrode in the dPAG for the determination of the thresholds of freezing and escape responses. The vPAG electrolytic lesions were behaviorally verified through a context-conditioned fear paradigm. Results indicated that lesion of the vPAG disrupted conditioned freezing response to contextual cues associated with footshocks but did not change the dPAG electrical stimulation for freezing and escape responses. In a second experiment, lesion of the vPAG also did not change the amount of freezing and escape behavior produced by microinjections of semicarbazide into the dPAG. These findings indicate that freezing and escape defensive responses induced by dPAG stimulation do not depend on the integrity of the vPAG. A discussion on different neural circuitries that might underlie different inhibitory and active defensive behavioral patterns that animals display during threatening situations is presented. 相似文献
10.
Age differences in personality across the adult life span: parallels in five cultures 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
McCrae RR Costa PT Pedroso de Lima M Simões A Ostendorf F Angleitner A Marusić I Bratko D Caprara GV Barbaranelli C Chae JH Piedmont RL 《Developmental psychology》1999,35(2):466-477
Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the United States have shown consistent changes between college age and middle adulthood. There appear to be declines in 3 of the 5 major factors of personality--Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness--and increases in Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. To examine cross-cultural generalizability of these findings, translations of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory were administered to samples in Germany, Italy, Portugal, Croatia, and South Korea (N = 7,363). Similar patterns of age differences were seen in each country, for both men and women. Common trends were also seen for the more specific traits that define the major factors. Because these nations differ substantially in culture and recent history, results suggest the hypothesis that these are universal maturational changes in adult personality. 相似文献