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排序方式: 共有350条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Lucas H. Mens Dirk-Jan Povel 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》1986,38(2):177-192
Some languages create the impression of being stress timed. Claims have been made that this timing of stressed syllables enables the listener to predict the future locations of informative parts later in a sentence. The fact that phoneme monitoring is delayed when targets in a spoken sentence are displaced has been taken as supporting this claim (Meltzer, Martin, Bergfeld Mills, Imhoff and Zohar, 1976). In the present study temporal displacement was induced without introducing phonetic discontinuities. In Dutch sentences a word just in advance of a target-bearing word was replaced by another one differing in length. Results show that the temporal displacement per se did not have any effect on phoneme-monitoring reaction times. Implications for a theory of fpeech processing are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Olivia Afonso Paz Surez‐Coalla Fernando Cuetos Agustín Ibez Lucas Sedeo Adolfo M. García 《Cognitive Science》2019,43(7)
Several studies have illuminated how processing manual action verbs (MaVs) affects the programming or execution of concurrent hand movements. Here, to circumvent key confounds in extant designs, we conducted the first assessment of motor–language integration during handwriting—a task in which linguistic and motoric processes are co‐substantiated. Participants copied MaVs, non‐manual action verbs, and non‐action verbs as we collected measures of motor programming and motor execution. Programming latencies were similar across conditions, but execution was faster for MaVs than for the other categories, regardless of whether word meanings were accessed implicitly or explicitly. In line with the Hand‐Action‐Network Dynamic Language Embodiment (HANDLE) model, such findings suggest that effector‐congruent verbs can prime manual movements even during highly automatized tasks in which motoric and verbal processes are naturally intertwined. Our paradigm opens new avenues for fine‐grained explorations of embodied language processes. 相似文献
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4.
The field of applied behavior analysis has devoted considerable effort to the problem of educating America's youth. In addition to developing a wide range of procedures to improve children's academic and classroom survival skills, behavioral researchers have discussed a wide range of technological characteristics that are likely to facilitate the adoption of their procedures by educational decision-makers and practitioners. A movement to restructure American schools has become highly popularized within educational, political, and public media forums over the past several years. One general characteristic of this movement is its failure to recommend the more frequent implementation of applied behavior analysis techniques to educate America's youth. A close inspection of three global models for school reform, however, reveals notable compatibilities with the focus and goals of applied behavior analysis. Applied behavior analysts can collaborate with and contribute to the school restructuring movement by pursuing the more formal and systematic analyses of characteristics essential to the adoption process. 相似文献
5.
Nonclinical panic in college students: an investigation of prevalence and symptomatology 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This article presents data on the prevalence and symptomatology of panic attacks and panic disorder (PD) in a large nonclinical sample (n = 2,375) of college students. Results showed that approximately 12% of the sample had experienced at least one unexpected panic attack and that 2.36% met DSM-III-R criteria for panic disorder. Although there were no sex differences in overall panic attack prevalence, men reported significantly more panic-related worry than women, and women reported a higher panic frequency than men. Compared to subjects who met DSM-III-R criteria for PD, infrequent panickers presented with fewer panic symptoms, fewer panic episodes, less panic-related worry, lower anxiety sensitivity, and less panic-related avoidance. Moreover, compared with PD subjects, the infrequent panickers were much less likely to report fears of dying, going insane, and derealization during a panic attack. The findings provide preliminary support for the role of anxious apprehension as a psychological vulnerability factor in the pathogenesis of panic disorder. 相似文献
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7.
W Timberlake D J Gawley G A Lucas 《Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes》1987,13(3):302-309
An important tenet of optimal foraging theory is that foragers compare prey densities in alternative patches to determine an optimal distribution of foraging behavior over time. A critical question is over what time period (time horizon) this integration of information and behavior occurs. Recent research has indicated that rats do not compare food density in a depleting patch with that in a rich patch delayed by an hour or more (Timberlake, 1984). In the present research we attempted to specify over what time period a future rich patch would affect current foraging. The effect of future food was measured by early entry into the rich patch (anticipation) and by a decrease in food obtained in the depleting patch (suppression). The rats showed anticipation of a rich patch up to an hour distant, but suppressed current feeding only if the rich patch was 16 min distant or less. The suppression effect appeared mediated by competition for expression between anticipatory entries into the rich patch and continued foraging in the depleting patch. These results suggest that optimal foraging is based on a variety of specific mechanisms rather than a general optimizing algorithm with a single time horizon. 相似文献
8.
Employees who planned to attend a worksite stress management program (volunteers), those who planned not to attend (nonvolunteers),
and those who had participated in worksite stress management training were assessed on the variables of work stressors, perceived
stress, and organizational spontaneity (extrarole) behavior. Twelve hundred hospital employees were randomly selected from
seven VA hospitals that had been offering a stress management program for at least 5 years. Participants received questionnaire
packets in the mail and 461 (38%) of the employees responded. The results showed that volunteers reported significantly more
perceived stress than the nonvolunteers. However, volunteers did not report greater frequency or intensity of work stressors.
Also, respondents who had participated in past stress training reported less perceived stress than volunteers and significantly
more organizational spontaneity behavior than respondents who had not participated in past stress training. These findings
suggest that employees who plan to attend stress training have the greatest need and that the stress intervention reduces
perceived stress levels and, possibly, affects work behavior. 相似文献
9.
Scientific Discovery A. Kantorovich 1993 New York, State University of New York Press $17.95
A Model of the Universe Storrs McCall, 1994 Clarendon Press, Oxford 288pp. plus 15pp. appendices, plus 14pp. references plus index 0198240538 £30.00
Explanation David Hillel Ruben (ed. 1993) Oxford University Press pp vi + 365 ISBN 019875129X. Pb £9.95, Hb £27.50 相似文献
10.
S. A. Corson E. O’L. Corson R. E. Becker B. E. Ginsburg A. Trattner R. L. Connor L. A. Lucas J. Panksepp J. P. Scott 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1980,15(1):5-11
A model of childhood hyperkinesis, using the Telomian-beagle hybrid dog, is described, demonstrating the interactions of genetics and separation in the development of this syndrome and in the favorable responses of some of these dogs to amphetamine. This work represents the collaboration of three laboratories, utilizing chiefly methods of inhibitory training. Inducing separation distress enhanced the resistance to inhibitory training and the favorable responses to amphetamine. 相似文献