Flexible Work Arrangements Availability and their Relationship with Work‐to‐Family Conflict,Job Satisfaction,and Turnover Intentions: A Comparison of Three Country Clusters

The present study explored the availability of flexible work arrangements (FWA) and their relationship with manager outcomes of job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and work‐to‐family conflict (WFC) across country clusters. We used individualism and collectivism to explain differences in FWA availability across Latin American, Anglo, and Asian clusters. Managers from the Anglo cluster were more likely to report working in organisations that offer FWA compared to managers from other clusters. For Anglo managers, flextime was the only FWA that had significant favorable relationships with the outcome variables. For Latin Americans, part‐time work negatively related with turnover intentions and strain‐based WFC. For Asians, flextime was unrelated to time‐based WFC, and telecommuting was positively associated with strain‐based WFC. The clusters did not moderate the compressed work week and outcome relationships. Implications for practitioners adopting FWA practices across cultures are discussed.     

城市绿化景观观赏性的心理学研究

抽取上海地区具有代表性的公共绿地绿化景观样本,编制测评量表对其观赏性进行评价.通过探索性因素分析鉴别该量表的测评维度并基于理论推断和经验归纳确定评价指标,包括整体美感、正性情绪、色彩知觉、形态知觉、负性感受.120名大学生和研究生对景观样本的评价结果表明.高观赏性组的景观与低观赏性组的景观相比,前者的整体美感、正性情绪、形态知觉、色彩知觉维度评价指标及其所含测项的评分均高于后者,彼此差异达到极显著或非常显著的水平,而负性感受维度评价指标评分则是后者极显著地高于前者,而且其测项评分也显著高于前者.本研究编制的量表能够对城市绿化景观观赏性进行有效测评.     

0-6岁儿童早期教育观念的调查研究

本研究采用调查分析法、访谈法,对0-6岁儿童家长与教师的早期教育观念进行了调查.研究发现,这两类群体认为儿童在0-6岁期问最需要关注的是健康的身体素质、诚实守信的道德品质、坚持与专注的学习品质;不同年龄阶段儿童(0-3岁、4-6岁)需要关注的素质与早期教育方式因他们身心发展特点不同而有所不同;(3)青年人与中年人评定的结果基本一致,教师与家长在多个项目的评定上呈现出差异.研究的结果对早期教育的导向有所启示.     

大鼠作业成绩与脑内亮氨酸脑啡肽含量变化的相关性研究

本工作采用穿梭式电击回避反应法和脑啡肽的放射免疫测定法,分析比较了大鼠作业成绩与脑内壳氨酸脑啡肽(Leu-enkephalin,LEK)含量的关系,在本实验条件下,观察到作业成绩不良组纹状体内LEK含量显著高于成绩优良组和对照组,并由实验证明,它们之间的差异不是由于在实验中接受电击的次数或电击总量不同造成的。这一结果提示,内源性亮氨酸脑啡肽可能参与记忆获得的调制。     

汉字词匹配的偏侧化效应和事件相关脑电位

本研究用音同或形似汉字词对为材料检验大脑半球偏侧化问题。反应时的结果表明音同材料是右视野左半球优势,形似材料是左视野右半球优势。ERP的振幅(特别是P_(300))在音同条件下左半球比右半球显著的小,而在形似材料条件下左右半球无大差别。在两种材料的条件下,ERP潜伏期在左右半球之间也没有显出任何差别。实验结果表明左半球与汉字词匹配时的语音编码有关,而ERP(P_(300))似乎可以做它的一个有效指标。     

Receiving and giving support: Effects on relationships and well-being

Sixty-five subjects reported amount of social support given and received, and satisfaction with relationships where support exchanges took place. Negative affect from relationships, psychological symptoms, and happiness were also measured. Multiple regression analyses showed that receiving and giving support was related to some negative feelings toward the relationships concerned. Receiving support was also related to inflated anxiety symptoms. Effects of receiving support on guilt and dependent feelings were moderated by relationship satisfaction. Effects of giving support on anxiety were also moderated by relationship satisfaction. Extraversion and satisfaction with relationships predicted happiness. There were some individual differences in support exchanges. Extraverts gave more support. Women received more support whereas conscientious people received less.     

HUMANITY IN THE WORLD OF LIFE

Abstract. The position and role of humanity in the world of life is examined in the light of the ontological structure of life itself. This problem is approached by considering the possible units of life representing various modes of life phenomena. I argue that the only meaningful unit of life without interposing some special external conditions is "global life" framed in a star-planet system. Any other possible unit of life exhibited by various kinds of individuals is conditional in the sense that it would leave out an essential part as "co-life." The relationship between human being and the global life should be understood in this general scheme of individual and global life. It is emphasized, however, that human being occupies a unique position in global life in the sense that humanity can promote either a cancerous situation or a healthy higher-order enhancement of the global life.     

汉字读音中的音似与形似启动效应

本研究使用启动命名法,对汉字读音过程中的音似和形似启动效应进行了初步探讨。结果发现,音和形都相似的启动字和目标字之间存在着显著的启动效应。关于字音和字形的相对作用,在本研究中音似启动效应显著,表明汉语读者的心理词典结构中存在着语音联结通路。形似启动效应不显著,但字形的启动作用值得进一步研究。