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A K Louie 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1980,34(1):107-116
Pigeons were studied under a two-key concurrent fixed-ratio schedule of food presentation. During the first five sessions, the fixed-ratio requirements were 30 responses on one key (major key) and 120 responses on the other key (minor key): responding occurred almost exclusively on the major key. When the fixed-ratio requirements were then made equal at 30 responses on both keys, responding continued to predominate on the major key. The asymmetric distribution of responses persisted when the concurrent fixed-ratio fixed-ratio schedule was interrupted with periods during which the major key was associated with extinction while the other key remained associated with a fixed-ratio schedule. Additionally, in some subjects the fixed-ratio requirements were increased. These schedule modifications decreased the asymmetry in responding but did not eliminate it. d-Amphetamine decreased rates on both keys and slightly increased the asymmetric distribution of responses, while pentobarbital reversed the distribution of responses by increasing low rates and decreasing high rates. The pigeons maintained their original asymmetric distribution of responses during the 1 1/2-year-long study, despite schedule alterations and drug administrations. 相似文献
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Dale S. Kim Connor J. McCabe Brianna L. Yamasaki Kristine A. Louie Kevin M. King 《Behavior research methods》2018,50(5):1960-1970
Infrequency scales are becoming a popular mode of data screening, due to their availability and ease of implementation. Recent research has indicated that the interpretation and functioning of infrequency items may not be as straightforward as had previously been thought (Curran & Hauser, 2015), yet there are no empirically based guidelines for implementing cutoffs using these items. In the present study, we compared two methods of detecting random responding with infrequency items: a zero-tolerance threshold versus a threshold that balances classification error rates. The results showed that a traditional zero-tolerance approach, on average, screens data that are less indicative of careless responding than those screened by the error-balancing approach. Thus, the de facto standard of applying a “zero-tolerance” approach when screening participants with infrequency scales may be too stringent, so that meaningful responses may also be removed from analyses. Recommendations and future directions are discussed. 相似文献
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A. H. Louie 《Axiomathes》2011,21(3):473-489
I comment on the preceding essays in this current thematic issue of Axiomathes, essays that discuss my 2009 book More Than Life Itself: A Synthetic Continuation in Relation Biology. 相似文献
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The current investigation evaluated psychological and personality profiles of successful applicants to a major Roman Catholic religious order. The MMPI-2 and 16PF were administered to 68 applicants between 1990 and 2004 who subsequently entered seminary. Results indicate that these applicants to the priesthood were generally well-adjusted as well as being socially responsible, interpersonally sensitive and sociable. Findings also suggest some tendency for defensiveness and repression. Furthermore, dealing with perceived negative impulses such as anger and hostility may also be a concern for many of these men. 相似文献
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Male and female students have displayed different reactions to the gender of their faculty. This research was designed to explore whether biases exist early in the school term. Students unfavorable attitudes toward instructors were measured by the extent to which they delayed completing a course requirement: participation in a subject pool. Students scheduled a date upon which to participate in a research study. Discrepancies between their scheduled and their actual participation dates reveal that male students delayed their requirement (a) more when their instructors were female than when they were male, and (b) more than female students when the instructors were female. Supporting data suggest that the delayed completion time reflects lower evaluations of female faculty. Discussion focuses on implications in academic settings. 相似文献
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Axiomathes - On the basis of previous studies in relational biology and the phenomenological calculus, in my contribution I outline the mathematical foundations of biological perception generally,... 相似文献
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Minority groups are significantly overrepresented in crime. Theories of racial differences in crime developed using two separate and distinct approaches that highlight either increased exposure to criminogenic factors at the individual level or greater risk of crime due to disadvantaged neighborhood conditions. Neighborhood theories describe how structural disadvantage disrupts neighborhood social processes and produces oppositional street cultures. In the article, we advance theorizing on race and crime by linking the neighborhood experience to individual-level decision making via new conceptualizations of culture. Rather than a “values as goals” view of culture, culture may include a “tool kit” of ways to solve problems and this cultural toolkit may, in turn, influence how an individual makes decisions. Specifically, culturally learned toolkits may increase flaws in the decision process (e.g., fast and intuitive rather than deliberate decision processes, the use of decision heuristics) to produce more crime, which would explain the association between race and crime. We integrate this conceptualization of culture and these flaws in the decision-making process into rational choice theory at the individual level and describe how they may be exacerbated in disadvantaged neighborhood contexts. Implications for understanding race and crime and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
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Lillian Smyth Kenneth I. Mavor Louie R. Gray 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2019,29(6):474-491
The current study builds on links between academic social identification and learning behaviours and extends these models by also considering the level of compatibility between the student identity and the pre‐existing self‐concept. This is a crucial extension, in the context of broadening access to higher education and fostering belonging and learning in nontraditional students. Further, where previous work focused on learning behaviours that enhance performance (often learning approaches), we also consider performance‐undermining behaviours (self‐handicapping and procrastination). These effects are explored in survey responses from an undergraduate student sample (N = 121) from UK and broader European samples. Participants were predominantly female (69%) and native English speakers (87%). Three models of the relationships between these variables were tested using Mplus. Results indicate that performance‐undermining behaviours are predicted by identity incompatibility, but not identification level; deep learning approaches are predicted by identification level, but not identity incompatibility. This provides first evidence that identity incompatibility is not just a moderator of the identification‐learning relationships but, in fact, a separate identity process for consideration. We also present initial evidence for a mediation model, where in the identity variables are related to procrastination and self‐handicapping via learning approaches. 相似文献
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Louie Fleece Alan Gross Thomas O'Brien Janet Kistner Esther Rothblum Ronald Drabman 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1981,14(3):351-355
Unusually low voice volume was identified by teachers as a significant impediment to the academic and social progress of two preschool students. A simple operant shaping procedure was conducted by teachers to increase voice volume using a voice-activated apparatus with attractive visual display. Setting generalization of volume increases to the classroom was achieved and maintained at one- and four-month follow-ups. 相似文献