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We studied the effect of early tutoring on the subsequent sexual preferences and reproductive activity of female domestic
canaries (Serinus canaria). Young female canaries were exposed during the first 4 months of life to songs of either domestic or wild canaries. When
adult, these females were again exposed to domestic or wild songs. In the first experiment, the sexual responses of the females
to unfamiliar domestic and wild songs were quantified with the copulation solicitation display (CSD) assay. In the second
experiment, the same females were tested again with modified tutoring songs. In the third experiment, song stimulation of
nest-building and egg-laying was studied. Domestic-strain-tutored females gave more CSDs to domestic than to wild songs. In
contrast, wild-strain-tutored females showed no sexual preference. We propose that the sexual preference of adult domestic-strain-tutored
female canaries for domestic songs is the consequence of learning and categorisation processes. The discrepancy between the
results of the domestic-strain-tutored females and those of the wild-strain-tutored females suggests that female canaries
have a predisposition to learn songs of their own strain rather than songs of an alien strain. In the third experiment nest-building
and egg-laying activities appeared to be unaffected by early tutoring conditions: there was no significant differential effect
of the different tutoring and exposure conditions on nest-building and egg-laying scores. Mate attraction and stimulation
of females’ reproductive activity appear to be two separate functions of male song, which may have been shaped by different
evolutionary constraints.
Received: 24 July 1999 / Accepted after revision: 22 February 2000 相似文献
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Previous studies have shown important effects of stress on decision making (DM). In addition, individuals differ in their relative activation of the left and right hemispheres (hemispheric preference; HP), with possible implications for DM. This study tested the relationship between stress, HP and their interaction, with DM in managers. We included a sample of 114 managers from Israel, Italy and France. Stress was inversely and significantly related to DM thoroughness (r=-.333), left-HP (r=-.24) and was positively correlated with instinctiveness DM (r=.25; all p<.05). Importantly, a stress×HP interaction accounted for an additional and significant 9% of the variance in thoroughness, beyond their main effects, nationality and gender. In this interaction, only in right HP managers, but not in left HP managers, stress was inversely correlated with thoroughness. A stress×HP interaction was not found for instinctiveness. Theoretically, our results advise investigating both situational (stress) and personal or biological (HP) factors in the job stress field. Practically, it can guide stress specialists to whom to provide scarce counseling resources of stress management, to improve workers' DM and well-being. 相似文献
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Recent studies focusing on the interspecific communicative interactions between humans and dogs show that owners use a special speech register when addressing their dog. This register, called pet-directed speech (PDS), has prosodic and syntactic features similar to that of infant-directed speech (IDS). While IDS prosody is known to vary according to the context of the communication with babies, we still know little about the way owners adjust acoustic and verbal PDS features according to the type of interaction with their dog. The aim of the study was therefore to explore whether the characteristics of women’s speech depend on the nature of interaction with their dog. We recorded 34 adult women interacting with their dog in four conditions: before a brief separation, after reuniting, during play and while giving commands. Our results show that before separation women used a low pitch, few modulations, high intensity variations and very few affective sentences. In contrast, the reunion interactions were characterized by a very high pitch, few imperatives and a high frequency of affectionate nicknames. During play, women used mainly questions and attention-getting devices. Finally when commanding, women mainly used imperatives as well as attention-getting devices. Thus, like mothers using IDS, female owners adapt the verbal as well as the non-verbal characteristics of their PDS to the nature of the interaction with their dog, suggesting that the intended function of these vocal utterances remains to provide dogs with information about their intentions and emotions. 相似文献
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M A Richard-Yris G Leboucher J Williams A Chadwick 《Behavioral and neural biology》1988,49(2):165-173
Induction of maternal behavior was performed in 63-week-old hens of the JV15 (or "Vedette") strain which had previously exhibited brief incubating phases during the preceding egg-laying period to discover if their maternal behavior differed from that induced in hens who had no previous record of incubating. The degree of maternal behavior exhibited showed large variation among individuals. However, hens with a history of one or more spontaneous, brief incubation bouts and hens without such histories showed similar responsiveness toward chicks and similar levels of general activity. In most of the subjects, the establishment of maternal behavior was accompanied by a significant long-term fall in the plasma levels of luteinizing hormone whereas the plasma levels of prolactin appeared to be unaffected. 相似文献
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Animal Cognition - In contemporary western cultures, most humans talk to their pet companions. Speech register addressed to companion animals shares common features with speech addressed to young... 相似文献
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Abstract Previous studies have shown important effects of stress on decision making (DM). In addition, individuals differ in their relative activation of the left and right hemispheres (hemispheric preference; HP), with possible implications for DM. This study tested the relationship between stress, HP and their interaction, with DM in managers. We included a sample of 114 managers from Israel, Italy and France. Stress was inversely and significantly related to DM thoroughness (r=?.333), left-HP (r=?.24) and was positively correlated with instinctiveness DM (r=.25; all p<.05). Importantly, a stress×HP interaction accounted for an additional and significant 9% of the variance in thoroughness, beyond their main effects, nationality and gender. In this interaction, only in right HP managers, but not in left HP managers, stress was inversely correlated with thoroughness. A stress×HP interaction was not found for instinctiveness. Theoretically, our results advise investigating both situational (stress) and personal or biological (HP) factors in the job stress field. Practically, it can guide stress specialists to whom to provide scarce counseling resources of stress management, to improve workers’ DM and well-being. 相似文献
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Belguermi A Bovet D Pascal A Prévot-Julliard AC Saint Jalme M Rat-Fischer L Leboucher G 《Animal cognition》2011,14(6):909-914
Considered as plague in many cities, pigeons in urban areas live close to human activities and exploit this proximity to find
food which is often directly delivered by people. In this study, we explored the capacity of feral pigeons to take advantage
of this human-based food resource and discriminate between friendly and hostile people. Our study was conducted in an urban
park. Pigeons were fed by two experimenters of approximately the same age and skin colour but wearing coats of different colours.
During the training sessions, the two human feeders displayed different attitudes: one of the feeders was neutral and the
second was hostile and chased away the pigeons. During the two test phases subsequent to the training phase, both feeders
became neutral. Two experiments were conducted, one with one male and one female feeder and the second with two female feeders.
In both experiments, the pigeons learned to quickly (six to nine sessions) discriminate between the feeders and maintained
this discrimination during the test phases. The pigeons avoided the hostile feeder even when the two feeders exchanged their
coats, suggesting that they used stable individual characteristics to differentiate between the experimenter feeders. Thus,
pigeons are able to learn quickly from their interactions with human feeders and use this knowledge to maximize the profitability
of the urban environment. This study provides the first experimental evidence in feral pigeons for this level of human discrimination. 相似文献
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