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Is Semantic Information Meaningful Data? 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
LUCIANO FLORIDI 《Philosophy and phenomenological research》2005,70(2):351-370
There is no consensus yet on the definition of semantic information. This paper contributes to the current debate by criticising and revising the Standard Definition of semantic Information (SDI) as meaningful data, in favour of the Dretske-Grice approach: meaningful and well-formed data constitute semantic information only if they also qualify as contingently truthful. After a brief introduction, SDI is criticised for providing necessary but insufficient conditions for the definition of semantic information. SDI is incorrect because truth-values do not supervene on semantic information, and misinformation (that is, false semantic information) is not a type of semantic information, but pseudo-information, that is not semantic information at all. This is shown by arguing that none of the reasons for interpreting misinformation as a type of semantic information is convincing, whilst there are compelling reasons to treat it as pseudo-information. As a consequence, SDI is revised to include a necessary truth-condition. The last section summarises the main results of the paper and indicates some interesting areas of application of the revised definition. 相似文献
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A citation analysis method was used to determine family therapists who have become influential since the pioneering era of the 1950s and 1960s. Demographic information reveals a wide variety of education and experience, with clinical psychologists more prevalent than in the past. 相似文献
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Our frequency analysis of most living family therapy theorists using the Social Science Citation Index yielded a definite increase in frequencies over the last ten years and considerable differences in frequencies among various theorists. 相似文献
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AN EXAMINATION OF IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT USE AND EFFECTIVENESS ACROSS ASSESSMENT CENTER EXERCISES: THE ROLE OF COMPETENCY DEMANDS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
LYNN A. McFARLAND GUNNA YUN CRYSTAL M. HAROLD LUCIANO VIERA Jr. LORIE G. MOORE 《Personnel Psychology》2005,58(4):949-980
We report 2 studies that examine how promotional candidates use verbal and nonverbal impression management (IM) tactics across several structured assessment center exercises that differ in the competency demands they place on candidates. Based on the competency-demand hypothesis ( Shoda, Mischel, & Wright, 1993a, 1993b ), it was predicted that IM use would occur most frequently and have the strongest effects on assessor evaluations in exercises that place greater demands on candidates' interpersonal skills than in exercises that depend primarily on technical skills. In both studies, IM tactics were generally used more frequently and there was more variability in IM use for those exercises requiring candidates to display interpersonal competencies (i.e., the role-plays and mock presentation) relative to the exercise that did not (i.e., the tactical exercise). The relationship between IM use and assessor evaluations was also influenced by the competencies assessed by the exercises, and IM use related to both interpersonal and noninterpersonal ratings of performance. 相似文献
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LUCIANO L'ABATE 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1983,61(5):277-283
From a continuum of differentiation in intimate or close and prolonged relationships the author derives a model based on three styles: Abuse-Atrophy (A); Reactive-Repetitive (R), and Conductive-Constructive (C). 相似文献
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This paper illustrates with case examples the use of paradoxical procedures in a child inpatient treatment center. Indications and contraindications for this type of intervention are discussed. 相似文献
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