全文获取类型
收费全文 | 224篇 |
免费 | 9篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 14篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 3篇 |
2015年 | 6篇 |
2014年 | 5篇 |
2013年 | 19篇 |
2012年 | 8篇 |
2011年 | 7篇 |
2010年 | 5篇 |
2009年 | 7篇 |
2008年 | 9篇 |
2007年 | 7篇 |
2006年 | 3篇 |
2005年 | 11篇 |
2004年 | 7篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 5篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有233条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
A. G. Snapper D. A. Ramsay W. N. Schoenfeld 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1969,12(3):423-430
The responding of rats was reinforced on one key after a 1-sec auditory stimulus and on a second key after a 5-sec stimulus. With errors punished by a short timeout, all subjects achieved a high level of accuracy. A chain of responses during the stimuli mediated the performance so that when the auditory signals were omitted accuracy decreased only slightly. Response-independent aversive stimulation superimposed upon this procedure both suppressed the total amount of behavior and reduced the accuracy of the discriminative performance, the intensity of the stimulus determining the error rate. The increase in errors under these conditions may have depended in part upon differential suppression of members of the response chain, but such suppression was not necessary, since error rate increased even in its absence. Furthermore, the locus of response disruption within the chain was not consistent from day to day either for any individual animal or across animals. 相似文献
3.
Nonparametric regression techniques, which estimate functions directly from noisy data rather than relying on specific parametric models, now play a central role in statistical analysis. We can improve the efficiency and other aspects of a nonparametric curve estimate by using prior knowledge about general features of the curve in the smoothing process. Spline smoothing is extended in this paper to express this prior knowledge in the form of a linear differential operator that annihilates a specified parametric model for the data. Roughness in the fitted function is defined in terms of the integrated square of this operator applied to the fitted function. A fastO(n) algorithm is outlined for this smart smoothing process. Illustrations are provided of where this technique proves useful. 相似文献
4.
5.
The item characteristic curve (ICC), defining the relation between ability and the probability of choosing a particular option for a test item, can be estimated by using polynomial regression splines. These provide a more flexible family of functions than is given by the three-parameter logistic family. The estimation of spline ICCs is described by maximizing the marginal likelihood formed by integrating ability over a beta prior distribution. Some simulation results compare this approach with the joint estimation of ability and item parameters.IRCAMThe research reported in this paper was supported by Grants APA320 and A4035 from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. It was also supported by Contract No. F41689-82-C-10020 from the Air Force Human Resources Laboratory to Educational Testing Service. The author wishes to thank M. Abrahamowicz for his assistance and R. Darrell Bock for providing the parameters for the items used in the simulations. 相似文献
6.
7.
Neuropsychologists are asked frequently to address the issue of the cause of a variety of central nervous system problems that may affect higher cortical function. One such issue is the relationship of maternal smoking to adverse reproductive outcomes involving neocortical insult including mental retardation, learning disabilities, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and other insults that may be related to prolonged hypoxic states in utero. The instant paper develops the issue of causation as a scientific inquiry, reviews several traditional, applicable models, and critiques these models. An additional model of motility is proposed and discussed. The issue of the relationship of maternal smoking to adverse reproductive outcomes is then addressed from a review perspective along with new empirical analyses, the latter demonstrating that researchers tend to draw causal conclusions independent of whether the respective design of their studies would support conclusions about the causation of an event. Causal conclusions in the absence of causal designs have often lead to incomplete and incorrect conclusions. It is necessary to match conclusions not only to the outcomes of a research project but also to its design and accompanying limitations. 相似文献
8.
Murray DJ Boudreau N Burggraf KK Dobell L Guger SL Leask A Stanford L Tate TL Wheeler M 《Memory & cognition》1999,27(2):234-245
In a series of experiments on immediate probed recognition for eight 3-digit numbers, it was shown that if the target modality involved auditory components and the effect of the similarity of the modality of the probe to that of the targets was controlled, unequivocal evidence was obtained for an auditory superiority effect (modality effect) for hit rates for the final items of the list. Moreover, false-alarm rates were significantly lower following targets with an auditory component than they were following silently seen targets. It is argued that this pattern of hits and false alarms is consistent with the idea that targets that have an auditory component yield memory representations that are better grouped as units than are those for targets that are only silently seen; in particular, if a new probe has a first digit that accidentally matches the first digit of a target item, it is more likely that the subject will mistakenly identify this new probe as old (give a false alarm) if the target has only been partially encoded because it was only silently seen. 相似文献
9.
John S. Shaw Lisette A. Garcia Kimberley A. McClure 《Journal of applied social psychology》1999,29(1):52-71
To understand more about what laypeople think they “know” about eyewitness testimony, 276 jury-eligible university students were asked to indicate what factors they believe affect the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. In contrast to the large proportion of eyewitness-memory research that concerns system variables, the lay respondents overwhelmingly generated factors related to estimator variables, while system-variable factors such as police questioning and identification procedures were rarely mentioned. Respondents also reported that their own common sense and everyday life experiences were their most important sources of information about the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. Not only do these results clarify the need for further research on the lay perspective of eyewitness testimony, but they also provide some insight into the way in which many jurors might approach cases involving eyewitness evidence. 相似文献
10.
The present study used ERPs to compare processing of fear-relevant (FR) animals (snakes and spiders) and non-fear-relevant
(NFR) animals similar in appearance (worms and beetles). EEG was recorded from 18 undergraduate participants (10 females)
as they completed two animal-viewing tasks that required simple categorization decisions. Participants were divided on a post
hoc basis into low snake/spider fear and high snake/spider fear groups. Overall, FR animals were rated higher on fear and
elicited a larger LPC. However, individual differences qualified these effects. Participants in the low fear group showed
clear differentiation between FR and NFR animals on subjective ratings of fear and LPC modulation. In contrast, participants
in the high fear group did not show such differentiation between FR and NFR animals. These findings suggest that the salience
of feared-FR animals may generalize on both a behavioural and electro-cortical level to other animals of similar appearance
but of a non-harmful nature. 相似文献