Sensory processing sensitivity and its relation to parental bonding, anxiety, and depression

Sensory processing sensitivity is a recently proposed construct referring to a tendency to process a variety of information more strongly and deeply than others. Although some research has found links between sensory processing sensitivity and psychological difficulties, highly sensitive people may not necessarily be predisposed to negative affect, but may be more sensitive to poor parenting. Two hundred thirteen college students were given a measure of sensory processing sensitivity (the HSPS), the parental bonding scale (measuring parental care and over-protection), the trait anxiety scale, and the Beck depression inventory. Sensory processing sensitivity predicted both anxiety and depression above and beyond parental factors, indicating that it may be an independent risk factor. An interaction was found between sensory processing sensitivity and parental care when measuring depression. Highly sensitive people may be particularly sensitive to uncaring parents. Results indicate that sensory processing sensitivity may be a temperamental disposition that interacts meaningfully with environmental factors.     

CSR"品牌":以企业社会责任提升国家形象

消费者对别国的国家形象是通过食品、艺术、旅游等多种接触渠道形成的,其中一种体验会引发并上升为整个国家形象,即“光环效应”。申言之,消费者对其他国家的形象是通过消费者对该国产品的体验间接培育的,而消费者对其他国家某种产品的正、负面体验,将直接影响对该国其它产品的相应看法,即“连带效应”。据此,本文推论,民众可以通过企业社会责任的“光环效应”认知一个国家,进而依据“连带效应”形成对一国企业产品社会责任的总体印象。韩国在华中小型企业社会责任的不良纪录,很可能导致对韩国国家形象的负面看法。特有的集体行动逻辑阻碍了韩国在华中小型企业及时采取反应,其结果又反过来伤害其自身。     

Higher levels of estradiol replacement correlate with better spatial memory in surgically menopausal young and middle-aged rats

The current study investigated whether, for spatial reference memory, age impacts (1) sensitivity to surgical ovarian hormone loss (Ovx), (2) response to estradiol therapy (ET), and (3) the relation between circulating estradiol levels and memory scores in ovary-intact sham and Ovx plus ET rats. Young, middle-aged and aged Fischer-344 rats received sham, Ovx or Ovx plus ET treatments, and were then tested on the Morris maze. After the last test trial, a probe trial was given whereby the platform was removed. Circulating estradiol levels were then determined and correlated with performance. In Study 1, Ovx facilitated learning on day one, but impaired performance after day one, in young rats. Ovx did not influence performance in middle-aged rats. In young and middle-aged Ovx rats, ET enhanced performance with higher exogenous estradiol levels correlating with better performance during testing and the probe trial. There was no relationship between endogenous estradiol levels and performance in sham young or middle-aged rats. Study 2 showed that, like middle-aged rats, aged rats were not impacted by Ovx. Further, for aged Ovx rats, the ET regimen that was beneficial at earlier ages was no longer effective during test trials, and had only minor benefits for platform localization as assessed by the probe trial. Collectively, the findings suggest that the effects of Ovx as well as responsivity to the currently utilized ET regimen changes with age. Further, there appears to be a distinction between sensitivity to Ovx and responsiveness to ET after Ovx for spatial reference memory performance.     

Psychoactive drug effects in a hyperactive child: A case study analysis of behavior change and teacher attention

The effects of methylphenidate on the behavior and teacher interactions of a 9-year-old hyperactive female were analyzed. Observations of the subject's task-related and disruptive behaviors and of interactions between the subject and her classroom teacher were made when the subject received the active drug and an inert placebo. Teacher's ratings of the subject's classroom behavior and measures of her academic performance were also obtained. Results showed that when the subject was receiving methylphenidate she engaged in task-related activities a greater percent of the time, had a higher percent of teacher interactions that were instructional in quality, and received lower behavior ratings by the teacher than when she was receiving a placebo. The results suggest that the use of medication may enable the hyperactive child to profit both behaviorally and academically.     

读《管子》——浅谈《管子》与当代社会的发展方向

《管子》书中治国安邦的政治经济思想对于当今的社会发展仍不乏启示意义。由《管子》对春秋战国秦汉时代政治经济文化思想的分析,由此及彼,得出了当代中国政治经济文化思想的发展方向是：政治文明建设是总根源,经济建设是中心,文化思想建设是可持续发展的根本保证,强调了社会发展有机统一的大社会时空观。     

真理的自由和自由的真理——德勒兹对康德思想的超越

哲学是为了寻求关于人的真理,或者,哲学是人的思想所留下的轨迹？康德提出思想是朝向真理前行,是为了认识人自己。然而,康德哲学所塑造的人的形象在德勒兹眼中却成了人自由的羁绊,是对于思想的束缚。为了理解思想在康德和德勒兹之间的转变,论者在这里考察了德勒兹对于康德的理性主义的批判,以及德勒兹对于思想自由的论述。     

综论中国地方政府职能转变与机构改革

科学界定地方政府职能取决于纵向——中央-地方政府权力关系架构下的权责划分和横向——不同时代条件下政府属性及其行为取向这两个维度变量的影响。本文基于经济学公共品理论的研究视角,构建了一个以地方层次上的外部性和规模经济构成的二维空间,以此作为中央-地方政府职能划分的判断矩阵,并进一步简要分析了中国地方政府机构改革取向。本文认为,中国地方政府机构设置与中央政府有同有异理应是主流政策取向。具体而言,省级政府可能最为接近中央政府的模式,地市级政府可能更偏向于因地制宜的模式,而县、乡级政府将趋于功能整合、部门精简,一如缩微版的大部制。     

The Links Between Social Anxiety Disorder,Insomnia Symptoms,and Alcohol Use Disorders: Findings From a Large Sample of Adolescents in the United States

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with increased risk of developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Most of the current literature has focused on the role of acute stress responding in this relation; however, both SAD and AUDs also are linked to insomnia symptoms (i.e., difficulty falling or staying asleep). As adolescence is a sensitive period for the onset of these disorders, the present study examined if insomnia symptoms might partially account for the SAD-AUD link in a large sample of adolescents. Data from the National Comorbidity Survey–Adolescent Supplement were examined. Participants (N = 10,140) completed interviews to assess past 12-month SAD and AUD diagnostic status as well as insomnia symptoms. Analyses tested whether insomnia symptoms accounted for a significant proportion of the SAD-AUD relation. Results indicated that insomnia symptoms were positively related to both SAD and AUD status, and the relation between SAD and AUD status was significantly reduced when insomnia symptoms were included in the model. Findings remained significant after controlling for the effects of age, gender, posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, and other drug dependence status. Experimental examination and intensive longitudinal assessment of these relationships are needed before strong conclusions can be inferred about causality and temporal relationships. The current findings do indicate insomnia may be an important indirect and stigma-free treatment target to address in prevention and treatment efforts for SAD, AUDs, and their co-occurrence.