Exploring Our “Deltas”: A Training Tool for Conceptualizing Systemic Theory of Change

Systematically utilizing theory to guide clinical practice is integral to developing and maintaining therapist competency. However, helping Marriage and Family therapist trainees develop their own theory of change can be a challenging training component and more educational guides are needed to help facilitate the learning process. This paper introduces the Delta Model for conceptualizing systemic change as such a tool. The proposed Delta Model is introduced and guidelines for specifically teaching trainees at each level of the Delta are provided. The proposed model will be applied to a case vignette and discussion of additional considerations for applying the Delta Model beyond clinical practice will be reviewed.

     

Predictors of treatment attendance among adolescent substance abusing runaways: a comparison of family and individual therapy modalities

This study explored and compared predictors of session attendance among substance abusing runaway adolescents and their parents using three manual‐driven interventions: ecologically‐based family therapy (EBFT), motivational enhancement therapy (MET), and the community reinforcement approach (CRA). Individual and family‐level variables, as well as time between intake and first session were used as predictors of session attendance. Adolescents (N=179) between the ages of 12–17 years old were recruited from the only runaway shelter in Columbus, Ohio. The findings showed that adolescents assigned to EBFT were more likely to attend at least one therapy session than those assigned to either CRA or MET. Fewer days between intake and the first therapy session were associated with higher family therapy attendance. Overall, individual and family factors predicted therapy attendance but these factors differed depending upon the treatment modality.     

镇静与镇痛在ICU机械通气患者中的应用变化

探讨ICU内机械通气患者应用镇痛剂、镇静剂及肌松剂的情况及其对机械通气和预后的影响。回顾性分析我院中心ICU2006年、2007年收治的244例行有创机械通气治疗超过48h患者的临床资料,并将患者分为2006年组和2007年纽,用统计软件分析患者在年龄、性别、入ICU时APACHEⅡ评分、血糖、血浆白蛋白、基础疾病,气管插管时间、机械通气时间、ICU住院天数、镇痛与镇静剂应用的时间、机械通气时是否使用肌松剂、Ramsay评分及病死率方面是否存在差别。统计分析显示2006年组和2007年组在年龄、性剐、入ICU时APACHEⅡ评分、血糖、血浆白蛋白、是否使用肌松剂及基础疾病方面无差别;与2006年组相比2007年组患者气管插管时间、机械通气时间及ICU住院天数均缩短,镇痛与镇静剂应用时间均缩短,Ramsay评分降低,病死率下降。提示对机械通气的危重症患者应合理使用镇痛剂与镇静剂。     

Being bad isn't always good: affective context moderates the attention bias toward negative information

Research has demonstrated that people automatically devote more attention to negative information than to positive information. The authors conducted 3 experiments to test whether this bias is attenuated by a person's affective context. Specifically, the authors primed participants with positive and negative information using traditional (e.g., subliminal semantic priming) and nontraditional (e.g., social interactions) means and measured the amount of attention they allocated to positive and negative information. With both event-related brain potentials (Experiment 1) and the Stroop task (Experiments 2 and 3), results suggest that the attention bias to negative information is attenuated or eliminated when positive constructs are made accessible. The implications of this result for other biases to negative information and for the self-reinforcing nature of emotional disorders are discussed.     

王岱舆的“天命有三品”论与儒家的天命观

王岱舆作为明末清初四教（儒、释、道、回）皆通的伊斯兰著名学者,他提出的“天命有三品”论,既适应了当时以儒家为主流文化的背景,也保持了其独特的伊斯兰性,在巧妙地处理与儒家天命观分歧的同时,又开放地拿儒家文化为己所用,从而为两种文明都赢得了宽松的环境,使得两种文明能够共存、共荣、共同发展。本文从王岱舆天命观与儒家天命观的介绍入手,分析其与儒家天命观的契合与分歧。