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1.
Yvan Lebrun Henny Bijleveld Jean-Jacques Rousseau 《Journal of Fluency Disorders》1990,15(5-6):251-258
Observational criteria that have been proposed to distinguish developmental from neurogenic stuttering are critically reviewed. It is concluded that both conditions may closely resemble each other. As an example, a case of neurogenic stuttering following a missile would is reported. 相似文献
2.
Calvin S Milliex L Coyle T Temprado JJ 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2004,30(6):1032-1042
The recruitment of an additional biomechanical degree of freedom in a unimanual rhythmic task was explored. Subjects were asked to synchronize adduction or abduction of their right index finger with a metronome, the frequency of which was increased systematically. In addition, haptic contact on or off the metronome beat was provided. Results showed that the pattern exhibiting the highest intrinsic stability recruited the vertical plane more than did the less stable one. Moreover, presence and location of haptic contact modulated coordination stability and therefore induced changes in the recruitment of the vertical plane. Thus, a trade-off was shown between coordination stability on the horizontal plane and recruitment of the vertical one. These findings suggest that recruitment of degrees of freedom is governed by general principles of coordination dynamics. 相似文献
3.
Ren Amigues Jean-Jacques Bonniol Jean-Paul Caverni 《International journal of psychology》1975,10(2):135-145
Dans le cadre de l'étude expérimentale des comportements d'évaluation mis en ?uvre dans les systèmes éducatifs et à partir de concepts de la psychologie de la perception, les auteurs rapportent une expérience qui met en évidence l'influence d'une catégorisation ethnique des élèves sur l'évaluation de leurs productions scolaires. Un měme devoir est noté différemment selon que le nom patronymique de l'élève qui est censé l'avoir effectué a une ((consonance française)) ou au contraire une ((consonance étrangère)). Mais les effets enregistrés diffèrent selon les évaluateurs concernés, qui ont été distingués selon des dimensions similaires à celles différenciant les élèves dont ils devaient évaluer les productions. 相似文献
4.
Blévis JJ 《The Psychoanalytic quarterly》2004,73(3):751-770
Drawing on the writings of Primo Levi and the psychoanalysis of Jacques Lacan, the author attempts to conceive psychic trauma as a coalescence of traumas, since this is perhaps the only way to prevent a subject from being forced back into identification with the catastrophic event, whatever that may have been. A recurrent dream of Primo Levi's suggests to the author the way that traumas may have coalesced within Levi. The hope would be to restore the entire significance of what remains from that traumatic event to the speech (parole) of the Other, to the speech of every human, even the most helpless, bruised, or destroyed among us. 相似文献
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6.
Deceptive behavior in primates has been the focus of a number of studies. Nevertheless, such abilities have never been demonstrated in prosimians. The authors' goal was to analyze possible deception in lemurs according to a paradigm used with simians. Three black lemurs were trained to communicate about the location of a hidden reward with a cooperative trainer. Afterward, when a 2nd trainer and lemurs competed to gain access to the reward, each subject differentially adapted its learned behavior to the context. Their performances with the cooperative trainer remained stable while they showed various behavioral adjustments when faced to the competitive trainer: 1 subject refused to participate, another preferentially withheld information, and the 3rd sometimes pointed deceptively to obtain the reward. 相似文献
7.
Solveig Vieluf Ben Godde Eva-Maria Reuter Jean-Jacques Temprado 《Journal of motor behavior》2015,47(1):57-72
ABSTRACTThe authors examined age-related differences in fine motor control during a bimanual coordination task. The task required the modulation of fingertip forces in the precision grip according to a visually presented sinusoidal antiphase pattern (force range 2–12 N; frequency 0.2 Hz). Thirty-four right-handed participants of three age groups (young, early middle-aged, and late middle-aged) practiced 30 trials of the task. Accuracy and variability of relative timing and relative forces at minima and maxima of the sine wave were analyzed for hand–hand and hand–stimulus couplings and compared between age groups. Analysis showed for relative timing and force weaker hand–hand than hand–stimulus coupling as well as lower accuracy and higher variability for minima as compared to maxima. Further, we analyzed practice effects by comparing the first and last trials and characterized the course of practice by detecting the transition of a steeper to a shallower acquisition slope for the different age groups. Late middle-aged participants demonstrated poorer performance than both other groups for all parameters. All groups improved performance to a similar amount. However, an age-related difference in acquisition strategy is visible. Late middle-aged participants seemed to have focused on improvement of force amplitude, whereas young and early middle-aged focused on timing. 相似文献
8.
When presented a choice between two food-type arrays of equivalent size under a reverse-reward contingency, black (Eulemur macaco) and brown (Eulemur fulvus) lemurs transposed their self-control abilities, acquired in a previous experiment, to significantly select the less-desired food item in order to gain access to the more desired one. However, when presented with the choice between two different food-type arrays in which the amount of the less desired food array was larger than the more desired one, large individual differences were revealed: Some subjects established a consistent rule favoring quality or quantity, whereas others exhibited various point of trade-off. These results show that lemurs seem to manage the task considering not only food quantity but also food quality. 相似文献
9.
Introduction
The non-urgent care requests depending on the continuity of care system have to be regulated by a regulating doctor of a medical emergency service call center. We aim to determine the risk factor of litigations about the regulation of the continuity of care system. So, the cases with friendly complaint and those with litigation have been compared.Methods
The all calls to the medical emergency service of the Var depending on the continuity care system between the January 1st, 2014 and December 31st, 2010 and with friendly complaint or litigation have been included. All the medical regulation files, call records, complaint letters, expert reports and summons have analyzed.Results
On the 342,400 calls within the field of the continuity of care system, eighteen friendly complaints et ten litigations with or without claims for compensation have been included. Proportionally, complaints and litigations mainly affect the cases treated during dark night hours (00:00 to 08:00). The workload in the call center does not represent a risk factor of litigation. However, in the three cases in which the caller did not agree with the regulating doctor's decision the patient died. Moreover, pressured by the disagreement with his decision, the regulating doctor has to reevaluate the severity of the situation and has to remain empathetic in these words. In fact, in case of conflict during the call, the doctor may be punished because of his words.Conclusion
The prevention of fatigue is important. The malfunctions of the medical regulation center must be declared by staff to prevent and anticipate litigations. Moreover, that should help to improve procedures and individual practices. Finally, we enhanced the involvement of the managers during legal procedures in order to explain to the judge the specific difficulties of medical regulation. 相似文献10.
Despite their common origin, studies on motor coordination and on attentional load have developed into separate fields of investigation, bringing out findings, methods, and theories which are diverse if not mutually exclusive. Sitting at the intersection of these two fields, this article addresses the issue of behavioral flexibility by investigating how intention modifies the stability of existing patterns of coordination between moving limbs. It addresses the issue, largely ignored until now, of the attentional cost incurred by the central nervous system (CNS) in maintaining a coordination pattern at a given level of stability, in particular under different attentional priority requirements. The experimental paradigm adopted in these studies provides an original mix of a classical measure of attentional load, namely, reaction time, and of a dynamic approach to coordination, most suitable for characterizing the dynamic properties of coordinated behavior and behavioral change. Findings showed that central cost and pattern stability covary, suggesting that bimanual coordination and the attentional activity of the CNS involved in maintaining such a coordination bear on the same underlying dynamics. Such a conclusion provides a strong support to a unified approach to coordination encompassing a conceptualization in terms of information processing and another, more recent framework rooted in self-organization theories and dynamical systems models 相似文献