FULL AND ERRANT COACHING EFFECTS ON ASSIGNED ROLE LEADERLESS GROUP DISCUSSION PERFORMANCE

The effect of coaching on Leaderless Group Discussion Performance was examined. Thirty-six female undergraduate subjects participated in six-person assigned role leaderless group discussions. Trained observers evaluated performances in each discussion, which included two 5s from each of three coaching conditions. Ss in full coaching condition received extensive coaching on proper group discussion performance. 5s in the errant coaching condition received improper, but believable, coaching. 5s in the naive, or control, condition received no coaching. Results showed that 5s in the full coaching conditions were rated significantly higher than 5s in the errant or naive conditions. The results were discussed in the light of previous research.     

The Relative Value of Empirical Evidence

Arguments between adherents of different therapeutic models are often based on the assumption that empirical evidence is ultimately the judge of the merits of the respective approaches. The gathering of empirical evidence, however, is programmed by epistemological premises that in turn are not tested by "objective" demonstration but rather by their congruence with prevailing sociocultural values. The epistemological premises behind individual- and systems-oriented models are incompatible, and respectively congruent with currently coexistent and opposite sociocultural values. Adherence to a particular model is thus based on epistemological-axiological positions rather than neutral objective evaluation.     

SOME FURTHER IDEAS ON A METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING JOB SIMILARITIES/ DIFFERENCES

This paper considers the general problem of analyzing data for job similarities/differences. Cluster analysis and univariate analysis of variance, which are recent suggestions for attacking this problem, are briefly reviewed. The suggestion made in this paper is to use multivariate analysis of variance, accompanied by a multivariate extension of the well known proportion of variance index, ω². Discriminant analysis and related techniques are suggested to provide information regarding specific hypotheses. The potential users are provided with the references to well known computer packages that allow all the analyses to be performed easily, rapidly, and accurately on their own data. Appropriate interpretations of each result are also indicated, and illustrated with an example.     

Recovery from conflict and revival of intimacy in cohabiting couples

Couples who seek a stable and satisfying relationship must recover emotionally and reestablish their intimate connection after their conflicts are over. In a 3‐week diary study, 100 cohabiting couples reported on their daily moods, intimacy, relationship satisfaction, and conflicts. Results indicated that on days following a conflict, couple partners have worse mood, less satisfaction, and less self‐disclosure than on other days. Attachment security and intimacy partially moderated the ability of relationship partners to recover positive and reduce negative affect on days following conflict. Partners of anxiously attached individuals experienced more pronounced postconflict changes in mood and intimacy than partners of securely attached individuals. More intimacy in postconflict interactions was associated with a faster recovery from conflict.     

Cultural Variability in the Manifestation of Expressed Emotion

We examined the distribution of expressed emotion (EE) and its indices in a sample of 224 family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia pooled from 5 studies, 3 reflecting a contemporary sample of Mexican Americans (MA 2000, N =126), 1 of an earlier study of Mexican Americans (MA 1980, N =44), and the other of an earlier study of Anglo Americans (AA, N =54). Chi-square and path analyses revealed no significant differences between the 2 MA samples in rates of high EE, critical comments, hostility, and emotional over-involvement (EOI). Only caregiver warmth differed for the 2 MA samples; MA 1980 had higher warmth than MA 2000. Significant differences were consistently found between the combined MA samples and the AA sample; AAs had higher rates of high EE, more critical comments, less warmth, less EOI, and a high EE profile comprised more of criticism/hostility. We also examined the relationship of proxy measures of acculturation among the MA 2000 sample. The findings support and extend Jenkins' earlier observations regarding the cultural variability of EE for Mexican Americans. Implications are discussed regarding the cross-cultural measurement of EE and the focus of family interventions.     

An Examination of the Social Work Profession's Efforts to Achieve Legal Regulation

The social work profession's efforts in achieving legal regulation are explored. Widespread success is found in these efforts, and 48 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands now have legal regulation. There is variance in terms of the level of legal regulation, however, as reflected in the level of educational or practice attainment required and levels of protection provided. Interdisciplinary collaboration in this area among mental health professions is examined.     

Moderation in the actor–partner interdependence model

Potential moderators of effects in the actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) include variables that vary within dyads, between dyads, or both between and within dyads (i.e., mixed moderators). Another factor in the moderation of the APIM is whether dyads are indistinguishable (e.g., same‐sex friendship pairs) or distinguishable (e.g., heterosexual couples). For each possibility, what are the potential moderator effects (up to 8), how they might be estimated and tested, and how they can be interpreted are discussed. Submodels are also presented, based on patterns of moderation of the actor and partner effects, which are statistically simpler, more conceptually meaningful, and more powerful in testing moderator effects. Example analyses illustrate the recommended steps involved in an APIM moderation analysis.     

Qualia that It Is Right to Quine*

Dennett (1988) provides a much discussed argument for the nonexistence of qualia, as conceived by philosophers like Block, Chalmers, Loar and Searle. My goal in this paper is to vindicate Dennett's argument, construed in a certain way. The argument supports the claim that qualia are constitutively representational. Against Block and Chalmers, the argument rejects the detachment of phenomenal from information‐processing consciousness; and against Loar and Searle, it defends the claim that qualia are constitu‐tively representational in an externalist understanding of this. The core of the argument is contained in section 3. In the first part, I contrast a minimal conception of qualia, relative to which their existence is not under dispute, with the sort of view to which I will object. In the second part I set the stage by presenting the facts about (minimal) qualia on which a Dennett‐like argument can be based.