Wahrnehmungen der Blinden in geschlossenen Räumen ohne unmittelbaren Körperkontakt

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Evaluation of a DVD-based self-help program in highly socially anxious individuals--pilot study

High social anxiety is a risk factor for the incidence of social anxiety disorder (SAD). Early diagnosis and intervention may prevent more severe psychiatric courses. Self-help programs may be a convenient, accessible, and effective intervention. This study examined the efficacy of a newly developed self-help program for SAD in individuals with subthreshold social anxiety. A total of 24 highly socially anxious individuals were randomly assigned to a DVD-based self-help program or to a wait-list control group. The self-help program is based on the cognitive model according to Clark and Wells (1995; adapted to German by Stangier, Clark, & Ehlers, 2006) and comprises eight sessions. ANOVAs based on an intention-to-treat model were used for data analyses. The self-help program was well accepted; just one person withdrew during the intervention. There were significant Time × Group interactions on all primary outcome measures. For the intervention group moderate to high within-groups effect sizes up to Cohen's d = 1.05 were obtained. Between-groups effect sizes ranged from 0.24 to 0.65 in favor of the active intervention. The newly developed DVD-based self-help program seems to be a promising intervention for highly socially anxious individuals as it reduces social anxiety symptoms.     

Zur Beziehung von Inertia Effekt und sequentieller Position widersprechender Ereignisse bei der Revision subjektiver Wahrscheinlichkeiten

Zusammenfassung Der Prozeß der Revision subjektiver Wahrscheinlichkeiten ist häufig durch ein Unterschätzen des Effektes jener Ereignisse gekennzeichnet, die der von einer Person favorisierten Alternative widersprechen (Inertia Effekt). Zwei von Pitz et al. (1967) aufgestellte Hypothesen über die Ursachen des Inertia Effektes, die Commitment Hypothese und die Expectancy Hypothese, wurden anhand der aus ihnen ableitbaren entgegengesetzten Vorhersagen über den Zusammenhang zwischen der Stärke des Inertia Effektes und der sequentiellen Position eines ersten widersprechenden Ereignisses, überprüft. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse sprechen für das Zutreffen der Commitment Hypothese als Erklärung des Inertia Effektes.

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The relation between the Inertia Effect and the sequential position of disconfirming events in the revision of subjective probability

Summary The revision of subjective probability often is characterized by an underestimation of those events, that are contradictory to a subject's presently favored alternative (Inertia Effect). Two possible explanations of the Inertia Effect as postulated by Pitz et al. (1967), the Commitment hypothesis and the Expectancy hypothesis, were tested by examination of the contradictory predictions that can be derived about the strength of the Inertia Effect as a function of the sequential position of a first disconfirming event. The data lent support to the Commitment hypothesis as an explanation of the Inertia Effect.

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Diese Untersuchung wurde finanziert aus Sondermitteln des Sonderforschungsbereiches Sozial- und wirtschaftspsychologische Entscheidungsforschung der Universität Mannheim.