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Long KA Thomas SB Grubs RE Gettig EA Krishnamurti L 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(6):572-592
Research among African-Americans indicates this population perceives sickle cell (SCD) to be a serious disease and sickle
cell trait (SCT) screening an important intervention. However, studies have consistently demonstrated a lower than desired
uptake of SCD education, inadequate knowledge regarding personal and family trait status, and a low perceived susceptibility
of giving birth to a child with the disease. We examined general attitudes and beliefs regarding genetics and genetic testing
including prenatal testing and newborn screening; we used this information as the foundation to more specifically assess attitudes
and beliefs regarding SCD and perceived barriers to SCD education and awareness. Thirty-five African-American adult men and
women participated in one of four focus groups. Thematic analysis identified that both prenatal testing and newborn screening
are acceptable forms of genetic testing. Based largely on their personal experiences, participants possessed an understanding
of the natural progression of SCD but had a limited understanding of the inheritance and probable risk of giving birth to
a child with the disease. Barriers to education and greater awareness of SCD were classified as personal, familial, and societal.
Community based interventions focused on sharing the stories of individuals with first-hand experiences with SCD should be
considered. 相似文献
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This study tested the hypothesis that how a discussion of a marital conflict begins--in its first few minutes--is a predictor of divorce. The marital conflict discussion of 124 newlywed couples was coded using the Specific Affect Coding System, and the data were divided into positive, negative, and positive-minus-negative affect totals for five 3-minute intervals. It was possible to predict marital outcome over a 6-year period using just the first 3 minutes of data for both husbands and wives. For husbands this prediction improved as the groups diverged in the remaining 12 minutes; for wives the prediction remained equally powerful for the remaining 12 minutes as it had been in the first 3 minutes. 相似文献
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Heather Hampel Robin E. Grubs Carol S. Walton Emma Nguyen Daniel H. Breidenbach Steve Nettles Meagan Corliss Stephanie Fox Susan Hiraki Lisa Ku Whitney Neufeld-Kaiser Bronson Riley Jamie Taylor LuAnn Weik 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(3):205-216
The American Board of Genetic Counseling (ABGC) performed a genetic counseling practice analysis (PA) to determine the content of the certification examination. The ABGC-appointed PA Advisory Committee worked with psychometricians to develop a survey which was distributed to 2,038 genetic counselors in the United States and Canada. The survey was also accessible on the ABGC website. Multiple criteria were used to establish the significance of the tasks included in the survey. A total of 677 responses were used in the analysis, representing a 37.1% corrected response rate. Five major content domains with 143 tasks were identified in the PA. New certification test specifications were developed on the basis of PA results and will be used in developing future examination forms. In keeping with credentialing standards, ABGC plans to conduct a PA on a regular basis so that the content of the examination reflects current practice. 相似文献
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Murthy VS Garza MA Almario DA Vogel KJ Grubs RE Gettig EA Wilson JW Thomas SB 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(6):639-649
Few studies examine the use of family history to influence risk perceptions in the African American population. This study
examined the influence of a family health history (FHH) intervention on risk perceptions for breast (BRCA), colon (CRC), and
prostate cancers (PRCA) among African Americans in Pittsburgh, PA. Participants (n = 665) completed pre- and post-surveys and FHHs. We compared their objective and perceived risks, classified as average,
moderate, or high, and examined the accuracy of risk perceptions before and after the FHH intervention. The majority of participants
had accurate risk perceptions post-FHH. Of those participants who were inaccurate pre-FHH, 43.3%, 43.8%, and 34.5% for BRCA,
CRC, and PRCA, respectively, adopted accurate risk perceptions post-FHH intervention. The intervention was successful in a
community setting. It has the potential to lead to healthy behavior modifications because participants adopted accurate risk
perceptions. We identified a substantial number of at-risk individuals who could benefit from targeted prevention strategies,
thus decreasing racial/ethnic cancer disparities. 相似文献
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As qualitative inquiry has gained wider acceptance in genetic counseling research, it has become increasingly important for
researchers and those who evaluate their work to recognize the diversity of methods that fall under this broad umbrella. Some
of these methods adhere to the traditional conventions of scientific research (e.g., objectivity, reliability, validity, replicability,
causality and generalizability). When such studies are evaluated by reviewers who are well versed in scientific methods, the
rigor of the study may be readily apparent. However, when researchers are using methods that do not conform to traditional
scientific conventions, the distinction between well conducted and poorly conducted studies may become more difficult to discern.
This article focuses on grounded theory because it is a widely used qualitative method. We highlight key components of this
method in order to contrast conventions that fall within a scientific paradigm to those that fall within an interpretivist
paradigm. The intent is to illustrate how the conventions within these two different paradigms yield different types of knowledge
claims—both of which can advance genetic counseling theory and practice. 相似文献
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KÅRE RUMAR 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》1974,15(1):21-25
Abstract.— Using visibility distance as a criterion, halogen and conventional continental European high and low-beam headlights were compared in a series of field experiments. On high-beam without opposing light the halogen headlights offered about 25% longer visibility distances than the conventional headlights. With both opposing cars using low-beam there was a slight advantage (<5 m) in favour of halogen headlights. The optimal dipping distance was a function of high-beam system (intensity) rather than low-beam system. Small differences in aiming, atmosphere etc. caused larger differences in visibility distance than did the headlight system. 相似文献