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The standard of living reflected by one’s income and consumption is the primary explanation for the utility or satisfaction of the private consumer. However, empirical evidence very often demonstrates that the level of happiness is not necessarily higher for wealthy people in comparison to the poor. This holds within specific populations of a country, and in macro terms by comparison between the happiness of populations with low and high GDPppp per capita. Different research studies have used other economic and social explanatory variables for determining consumer happiness within countries. The present paper adds the new factor of income inequality that affects happiness. It is empirically proved that at extreme values of inequality measured by the Gini index, the effect of happiness is negative regardless of GDPppp per capita. However, at the intermediate ranges of the Gini index the effect of changes in the index on happiness is ambiguous. These results are found regardless of the actual values of GDPppp per capita. 相似文献
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Under natural viewing conditions, a large amount of information reaches our senses, and the visual system uses attention and perceptual grouping to reduce the complexity of stimuli in order to make real-time perception possible. Prior studies have shown that attention and perceptual grouping operate in synergy; exogenous attention is deployed not only to the cued item, but also to the entire group. Here, we investigated how attention and perceptual grouping operate during the formation and dissolution of groups. Our results showed that reaction times are higher in the presence of perceptual groups than they are for ungrouped stimuli. On the other hand, attentional benefits of perceptual grouping were observed during both the formation and the dissolution of groups. The dynamics were similar during group formation and dissolution, showing a gradual effect that takes approximately half a second to reach its maximum level. In the case of group dissolution, the attentional benefits persisted for about a quarter of a second after dissolution of the group. Taken together, our results reveal the dynamics of how attention and grouping work in synergy during the transient period when groups form or dissolve. 相似文献
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Gal Raz Alexandra Touroutoglou Christine Wilson-Mendenhall Gadi Gilam Tamar Lin Tal Gonen Yael Jacob Shir Atzil Roee Admon Maya Bleich-Cohen Adi Maron-Katz Talma Hendler Lisa Feldman Barrett 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2016,16(4):709-723
Recent theoretical and empirical work has highlighted the role of domain-general, large-scale brain networks in generating emotional experiences. These networks are hypothesized to process aspects of emotional experiences that are not unique to a specific emotional category (e.g., “sadness,” “happiness”), but rather that generalize across categories. In this article, we examined the dynamic interactions (i.e., changing cohesiveness) between specific domain-general networks across time while participants experienced various instances of sadness, fear, and anger. We used a novel method for probing the network connectivity dynamics between two salience networks and three amygdala-based networks. We hypothesized, and found, that the functional connectivity between these networks covaried with the intensity of different emotional experiences. Stronger connectivity between the dorsal salience network and the medial amygdala network was associated with more intense ratings of emotional experience across six different instances of the three emotion categories examined. Also, stronger connectivity between the dorsal salience network and the ventrolateral amygdala network was associated with more intense ratings of emotional experience across five out of the six different instances. Our findings demonstrate that a variety of emotional experiences are associated with dynamic interactions of domain-general neural systems. 相似文献
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Introduction
This paper extends the accepted economic method of valuation by taking psychological factors into consideration.Objective
The unique psychological factors of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) have been explored and examined in order to discover whether psychological variables are correlated to background factors: sociodemographic, satisfaction from IVF medical treatment and health related factors, and whether psychological variables have an influence on the willingness to pay (WTP) for IVF treatment. Another purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating effects of satisfaction from IVF treatment on the relationship between the psychological variables and the willingness to pay (WTP) for IVF treatment.Method
The study was carried out on 204 patients from 8 public IVF units, and provided data on their emotional response and their maximum WTP for IVF treatment.Results
Background factors were found to have a significant impact on IVF patients’ emotional outcomes. Evidence was found for gender-based variances in psychological reactions related to infertility; however, WTP remained robust and was not influenced by psychological variables. The results show that satisfaction from treatment can be regarded as a moderating variable between the psychological variables and the willingness to pay (WTP) for IVF treatment.Conclusion
The research findings indicate that fertility problems affect the quality of life of women more adversely than of men, and women suffer more negative emotions as a result of infertility. A unique emotional response that seems to be an important outcome in the experience of infertility and that was demonstrated in our study is shame. The sociocultural environment affects emotional responses regarding WTP, while IVF patients’ satisfaction with medical treatment may moderate the emotional effect of psychological factors on the WTP for IVF treatment. 相似文献6.
Fahrettin F. Gonen Hamza Hallal Haluk Ogmen 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2014,76(6):1709-1720
Attentional mechanisms allow the brain to selectively allocate its resources to stimuli of interest within the huge amount of information reaching its sensory systems. The voluntary component of attention, endogenous attention, can be allocated in a flexible manner depending on the goals and strategies of the observer. On the other hand, the reflexive component, exogenous attention, is driven by the stimulus. Here, we investigated how exogenous attention is deployed to moving stimuli that form distinct perceptual groups. We showed that exogenous attention is deployed according to a reference frame that moves along with the stimulus. Moreover, in addition to the cued stimulus, exogenous attention is deployed to all elements forming a perceptual group. These properties provide a basis for the efficient deployment of exogenous attention under ecological viewing conditions. 相似文献
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Bokek-Cohen Ya’arit Gonen Limor Dina Tarabeih Mahdi 《Journal of religion and health》2022,61(4):2876-2904
Journal of Religion and Health - This research project is pioneering in that it is the first to provide empirical data regarding the ethical standards of Sunni Muslim physicians toward religiously... 相似文献
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