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本研究在不同背景照度条件下对不同大小、不同对比度的兰道尔环的辨认进行了实验。主要结果表明:(1)视觉作业水平的提高依赖于视标大小、对比度和背景照度这三个变量及其相互间的关系;在视觉作业水平一定时,视标大小、对比度和背景照度存在着两两对应的代偿关系;(2)以中国人为被试的RCS结果与国外欧美人为被试的CIE推荐的结果基本一致,但前者在低亮度范围内要明显高于后者。 相似文献
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学前儿童分类能力的初步实验研究 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
本研究结果表明:通过突出类的共同知觉属性以及指导语上对总类的强调、计数活动等能促进学前儿童解决类包含任务;如简化任务要求,仅提供熟悉的有限刺激物让儿童分类,即使3,4岁儿童也能按一定的类别标准分类,从而表现出初步的分类能力。 相似文献
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Robert Schreuder Giovanni B. Flores d'Arcais Ge Glazenborg 《Psychological research》1984,45(4):339-354
Summary The study investigates the different contributions to semantic priming of two components of the semantic representation underlying a word. The two components are perceptually based information and conceptually based information. Perceptual information is based on physical attributes such as shape or color, while conceptual information consists of more abstract elements such as functional attributes. The question asked in this study was whether both components would produce an effect in semantic priming. Pairs of words either related because of a conceptual property (banana-apple), a perceptual property (ball-apple), or both because of a perceptual and conceptual property (cherry-apple) were presented as prime and target in a lexical decision and a word-naming task. The results showed independent contributions of perceptual and conceptual attributes to semantic priming.This research was supported by a grant from the Dutch Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research (ZWO). All three authors are senior authors and have contributed to all parts of the project. 相似文献
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He Chen Yuxuan Dong Shaohan Jiang Zenghui Li Frank Krueger Yan Wu 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2023,26(1):23-38
People who consider themselves moral sometimes use self-serving justifications to rationalize their selfish behaviours. Previous studies have tested the role of ambiguity in justifying wrongdoings, but it remains unclear whether ambiguity also plays a role in justifying promise-breaking behaviour and whether heterogeneity exists. To investigate justification in promise-breaking, we introduced a new experimental paradigm called the card-guessing task and used hierarchical cluster analysis to classify participants based on their promise-breaking decisions in unambiguous and ambiguous conditions. Experiment 1 revealed three clusters of solutions: Cluster 1 always kept their promises (i.e., keepers); Cluster 2 only exploited the vague promises and broke their promises in the ambiguous condition (i.e., intermediates); Cluster 3 tended to take advantage of vague promises and broke their promises irrespective of ambiguity (i.e., breakers). Experiment 2 confirmed that participants in the three clusters differed in their norm-abiding preferences and social value orientations. Keepers were more altruistic and had a stronger sense of norm compliance than intermediates and breakers. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that self-serving justifications were more likely to be employed by people who are moderately sensitive to deviation from social norms, which has implications for strategic interventions and policy formulation concerning unethical behaviour. 相似文献
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Amy Canevello Tao Jiang Kirby Magid Jasmine Perry Jennifer Crocker 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2023,17(9):e12809
Despite evidence of the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines and their wide availability, many in the U.S. are not vaccinated. Research demonstrates that prosocial orientations predict COVID-19 health behaviors (e.g., social distancing) and vaccination intentions, however, little work has examined COVID-19 vaccination willingness in the U.S. since vaccines were approved. Findings from two U.S. samples show that, in contrast to other COVID-19 health behaviors, vaccine willingness in unvaccinated people is unrelated to prosocial orientation. Study 2 demonstrates that the lack of association between vaccine willingness and prosocial orientation in unvaccinated participants was specific to those with stronger beliefs that COVID-19 vaccines are ineffective. Thus, in prosocial people, perceptions of vaccines' ineffectiveness may undermine COVID-19 vaccine willingness. 相似文献
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Kai-Tak Poon Natalie Hiu-Lam Wong Hill-Son Lai Yufei Jiang 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2023,114(1):209-228
Whether and how interpersonal experiences predispose people to show superstitious tendencies have been largely unexamined by past studies. By adopting a multimethod approach, three studies tested (a) whether ostracism increases superstitious tendencies through thwarted perceived control, (b) whether the dispositional need for closure moderates the effect of ostracism on superstitious tendencies and (c) whether restoring ostracized people's thwarted control weakens their superstitious tendencies. The results revealed that ostracized participants had higher superstitious tendencies than nonostracized participants did (Studies 1–3). Moreover, thwarted control mediated the effect of ostracism on superstitious tendencies (Study 2). In addition, the dispositional need for closure moderated the effect of ostracism on superstitious tendencies, such that the effect was stronger among participants with a high need for closure (Studies 1–2). Finally, restoring ostracized participants' perceived control weakened the effect of ostracism on superstitious tendencies (Study 3). Altogether, these findings feature the essential role of thwarted perceived control in understanding the link between ostracism and superstitious tendencies and the implication of control restoration in weakening the link. They also highlight the importance of dispositional characteristics in moderating people's responses to superstitions following ostracism and related forms of interpersonal maltreatment. 相似文献
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