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Various scientific theories stand in a reductive relation to each other. In a recent article, we have argued that a generalized
version of the Nagel-Schaffner model (GNS) is the right account of this relation. In this article, we present a Bayesian analysis
of how GNS impacts on confirmation. We formalize the relation between the reducing and the reduced theory before and after
the reduction using Bayesian networks, and thereby show that, post-reduction, the two theories are confirmatory of each other.
We then ask when a purported reduction should be accepted on epistemic grounds. To do so, we compare the prior and posterior
probabilities of the conjunction of both theories before and after the reduction and ask how well each is confirmed by the
available evidence. 相似文献
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We reconsider the Nagelian theory of reduction and argue that, contrary to a widely held view, it is the right analysis of
intertheoretic reduction. The alleged difficulties of the theory either vanish upon closer inspection or turn out to be substantive
philosophical questions rather than knock-down arguments. 相似文献
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Geoffrey Haddock Colin Foad Victoria Saul Will Brown Rose Thompson 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2020,111(3):443-459
While electronic reading devices are extremely popular, research is equivocal regarding their benefits for outcomes such as reader comprehension. Integrating literatures on reading medium comparisons and matching effects in persuasion, this research tested whether comprehension is maximized when the content of the material (e.g., whether it is traditional vs. modern) matches the medium (e.g., reading from a traditional book vs. digital e-reader). In Study 1, participants read a traditional- or modern-themed short story from either a book or an e-reader. Story comprehension was greater when participants read from the printed medium compared to the e-reader, an effect that was marginally moderated by story content, consistent with a matching effect. In Study 2, participants read a persuasive message that emphasized either a traditional versus modern solution to improving health in either a magazine format or on an iPad. Message comprehension was marginally greater among participants who read their message in a printed format. Participants’ interest in weight loss showed evidence of a matching effect – participants were more interested in losing weight when a modern solution to obesity article was presented on an iPad compared to a printed format. The results are applied to the study of reading and attitude change. 相似文献
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