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Emmeline Taylor 《Deviant behavior》2017,38(8):928-940
Based on interviews with convicted armed robbers, this article presents their self-reported motivations. Aside from anticipated monetary reward, some of the distinctive foreground qualities of armed robbery, including hedonic thrills, fear arousal and control are revealed. The concept of “crime as defibrillation” is introduced to account for the sensory surge craved by these men to counter a life of systematic structural exclusion, dysphoria, and lack of prospect. Suffering from sensory asystole, it is only the most extreme and risky behavior, in the form of serious violent crime, that can revive a life otherwise flatlining and out of control. 相似文献
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To understand how and why people tolerate ongoing social and economic inequality, we conducted two studies investigating the hypothesis that system justification is associated with reduced emotional distress and a lack of support for helping the disadvantaged. In Study 1, we found that the endorsement of a system-justifying ideology was negatively associated with moral outrage, existential guilt, and support for helping the disadvantaged. In Study 2, the induction of a system-justification mind-set through exposure to "rags-to-riches" narratives decreased moral outrage, negative affect, and therefore intentions to help the disadvantaged. In both studies, moral outrage (outward-focused distress) was found to mediate the dampening effect of system justification on support for redistribution, whereas existential guilt (Study 1) or negative affect in general (Study 2; inward-focused distress) did not. Thus, system-justifying ideology appears to undercut the redistribution of social and economic resources by alleviating moral outrage. 相似文献
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African American, Latino, and Asian first-year college men (36) saw The Men’s Program, an all-male rape prevention workshop,
and wrote answers to four open-ended questions to determine how men from non-white groups react to a commonly used rape prevention
program. Using a multi-stage inductive analysis, participant responses fell into five main themes including reinforced current
beliefs and/or no changes, increased awareness of rape and its effects on survivors, increased understanding of consent, plans
to intervene if a rape might occur, and plans to change behavior in their own intimate situations. Participants mentioned
specific ways in which they planned to change personal behavior, and ways in which they planned to intervene if they saw potentially
dangerous situations. 相似文献
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Marjorie H. Carroll Judith E. Rosenstein John D. Foubert M. Diane Clark Lisa M. Korenman 《Military psychology》2013,25(5):306-317
Although both the military and fraternities have been theorized to be characterized by norms and attitudes that serve to legitimize violence against women, no previous work has examined the potential similarity and differences in rape-supportive beliefs of these 2 environments or the people drawn to them. Further, the belief systems of women within these organizations have received little attention. As such, the current study sought to serve as an initial exploration of the rape-supportive belief systems of people drawn to these groups. Participants were recruited from students entering 2 military service academies (U.S. Military Academy, n = 1,169, 1,003 men, 166 women; U.S. Naval Academy, n = 1,916, 1,551 men, 365 women) and fraternities and sororities at a Midwestern university (n = 393, 188 men, 205 women). All participants completed the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale–Short Form. Consistent with previous findings related to gender, men were more accepting of rape myths than women. Further, there was more variability in the levels of rape myth acceptance among military service academy and fraternity men than among military service academy and sorority women. Although across all groups the women expressed significantly lower levels of rape myth acceptance than the men, women and men from the United States Military Academy were more closely aligned in their beliefs than women and men from the other samples. Implications for sexual assault prevention education are discussed. 相似文献
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Emmanuel Desouhant Simon Navel Emmeline Foubert Deborah Fischbein Marc Théry Carlos Bernstein 《Animal cognition》2010,13(3):535-543
Visual cues are known to be used by numerous animal taxa to gather information on quality and localisation of resources. Because
environmental lighting can interfere with the spectral features of visual cues, the specific characteristics of the colour
signals that promote forager decision and learning are still not known in the majority of insects (excepted in bees). We analysed
the effect of previous experience on the use of visual information by the wasp Venturia canescens, a parasitoid of pyralidae, in the context of host searching. These parasitoids search for hosts concealed in several fruit
species, so visual cues from the host microhabitat could play a key role in host finding. We also investigated the type of
visual cues on which wasps based their decision. We tested whether wasps are able to associate an achromatic cue (brightness)
or a chromatic one (hue, i.e. dominant wavelength and/or chroma) with the presence of hosts. Our results show that in the
context of host foraging, chromatic cues are more reliable than brightness in achieving the associative learning process.
Therefore, understanding the behavioural ecology of foraging should make use of the knowledge about the visual information
used. 相似文献
6.
An all-male sexual assault peer education program focusing on how to help a survivor led to a decrease in rape myth belief
among predominantly Caucasian participants immediately after and two months following a one hour program. Program participants
believed fewer rape myths than the initial testing of a control group. In addition, a clear majority of participants reported
a decreased likelihood of being sexually coercive as a result of attending the program. A new method of decreasing men’s rape
myth acceptance by learning how to help a survivor is supported. 相似文献
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