Who Needs Sensory Education?

Studies in Philosophy and Education - Customarily, reflections on the need to educate sensory and bodily enactments with the world, take for granted that it is the child who must be educated....     

The Delinquency Outcomes of Boys with ADHD with and Without Comorbidity

This study examined the association between childhood ADHD and juvenile delinquency by examining data from the Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study (PALS), a follow-up study of individuals diagnosed with ADHD in childhood (ages 5–12) and recontacted in adolescence and young adulthood for yearly follow-up (age at first follow-up interview M = 17.26, SD = 3.17). Participants were 288 males with childhood ADHD and 209 demographically similar males without ADHD who were recruited into the follow-up study. Delinquency information gathered yearly during the second through eighth follow-up provided a comprehensive history of juvenile delinquency for all participants. Four childhood diagnostic groups [ADHD-only (N = 47), ADHD + ODD (N = 135), ADHD + CD (N = 106), and comparison (N = 209)] were used to examine group differences on delinquency outcomes. Analyses were conducted across three dimensions of delinquency (i.e., severity, age of initiation, and variety). Individuals with childhood ADHD + CD displayed significantly worse delinquency outcomes than the other three groups, across almost all indices of offending. When compared to comparison participants, boys with ADHD-only and ADHD + ODD in childhood displayed earlier ages of delinquency initiation, a greater variety of offending, and higher prevalence of severe delinquency. These findings suggest that although childhood ADHD + CD creates the greatest risk for delinquency, boys with ADHD-only and ADHD + ODD also appear at a higher risk for later offending. The patterns of offending that emerged from the PALS are discussed in the context of the relationship between ADHD, comorbidity, and delinquency.     

Dynamic precipitation at elevated temperatures in a dual-phase AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy: an in situ study

ABSTRACT

The effect of a possible phase transformation or precipitation of the face-centred cubic (FCC) phase on intermediate-temperature deformation of a dual-phase AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy has been studied using in situ tensile testing at 550°C. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results showed localised precipitation of the FCC phase during the intermediate-temperature deformation. The overall fracture behaviour and crack propagation of the material was not altered much compared to the room-temperature behaviour, namely brittle trans-granular fracture. Deformation at higher temperatures (above 750°C) is suggested as a way to enhance the dynamic FCC phase precipitation, in order to improve the ductility or deformability of the alloy.     

Formation of ω -Al7Cu2Fe phase during laser processing of quasicrystal-forming Al–Cu–Fe alloy

The formation of an ω-Al₇Cu₂Fe phase during laser cladding of quasicrystal-forming Al₆₅Cu_23.3Fe_11.7 alloy on a pure aluminium substrate is reported. This phase is found to nucleate at the periphery of primary icosahedral-phase particles. A large number of ω-phase particles form an envelope around the icosahedral phase. On the outer side, they form an interface with an α-Al solid solution. Detailed transmission electron microscopic observations show that the ω phase exhibits an orientation relationship with the icosahedral phase. Analysis of experimental results suggests that the ω phase forms by precipitation on an icosahedral phase by heterogeneous nucleation and grows into the aluminium-rich melt until supersaturation is exhausted. The microstructural observations are explained in terms of available models of phase transformations.     

On the synthesis and characterisation of novel composite-structured high-entropy alloys

A study of novel composite-structured CoCrFeNi₃Si, CoCrFe₂Ni₂Si and Co₂CrFeNi₂Si high-entropy alloys, synthesised by vacuum arc melting, is presented. The designing criteria for the formation of such alloys were based on the enthalpy of mixing and the valence electron concentration. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all the alloys were composed of face-centered cubic and intermetallic phases. Scanning electron microscopy, along with elemental analysis, indicated that the face-centered cubic phase mainly contains Co, Cr, Fe and Ni, whereas, the intermetallic compound is Ni-Si rich. All the synthesised high-entropy alloys in the present investigation possess excellent compressive strength along with ductility at room temperature, suggesting significant potential application in the engineering field. Furthermore, enhanced hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance were achieved in all the designed high-entropy alloys. The previously given design parameters for the composite-structured high-entropy alloys are in good accord with the current research work.     

Rabindranath Tagore and Freudian thought

The paper draws our attention to the Indian poet and philosopher Rabindranath Tagore's notion of psychoanalysis. Focusing on the period between 1926 and his death in 1941, during which Tagore had not only met Freud but had also spoken to several persons on psychoanalysis, the author has unearthed a mass of archival material, primarily in Bengali, and translated most of it into English for the first time, in order to show how Tagore's opinion regarding Freudian thought gradually changed from severe criticism and a near complete rejection to appreciation, especially of its good use in literature and literary criticism. The author has also identified a number of literary works, both prose and verse, from the final years of Tagore's life and tried to document the extent of influence of Freudian thought on their composition. In short, the author explores a significant interdisciplinary area that has not been looked into either in India or abroad.     

Making judgments in a two‐sequence cue environment: The effects of differential cue strengths,order sequence,and distraction

Consumers frequently evaluate multiple sequential cues of varying strengths in order to draw inferences about a product's quality. The results of three experiments show that when consumers are not distracted, they judge a product's quality more favorably following a strong–weak cue sequence relative to a weak–strong sequence (a primacy effect). However once consumers are distracted from the evaluation task, the primacy effect reverses to a recency effect, whereby consumers judge a product's quality more favorably following a weak–strong cue sequence. Process tests suggest that distraction crowds consumers' short-term working memory and inhibits the spontaneous rehearsal and the subsequent recall of the cue presented first in the information sequence.     

The effects of option framing on consumer choices: Making decisions in rational versus experiential processing modes

• In the marketplace, consumers often encounter framed scenarios for optional product features, whereby they can add desired product options to a base model or delete undesired product options from a fully loaded model. The results of two experiments show that such option framing can influence consumers' decision making regarding the total number of finally chosen product options. Also, consumers' processing modes – rational versus experiential, can influence their choice behavior under option framing. Specifically, consumers choose a higher number of options in the delete (versus add) frame, and the effect is magnified when making decisions in an experiential mode, and it is diminished when making decisions in a rational mode. Moreover, cognitive constraints further moderate these effects.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

HR practices as a mediator between organizational culture and transformational leadership: Implications for employee performance

Studies pertaining to human resource (HR) management in India have revealed a variety of factors that significantly affect employee performance not the least of which are organizational culture and leadership issues. The present study posits firm level HR practices as a mediator between organizational culture and transformational leadership whose outcomes are hypothesized as lower levels of individual employees’ intention to quit the organization and higher level of performance. For this purpose, data were collected from mangers/executives (N=357) and subjected to multivariate analysis. The results reveal that culture and leadership are significant predictors of intention to quit and employee performance. The results also show that HR practices are important mediators in transmitting the influence of the predictor variables to the criterion variables.